Pomasulira kuchokera ku Greek, archetype ndi "chitsanzo". Chiphunzitso cha archetypes chinapangidwa ndi wophunzira wa wamkulu Z. Freud Karl Gustav Jung. Anagwiritsanso ntchito psychoanalysis ndipo chifukwa chake malingaliro onse ovuta anayamba, malingana ndi filosofi, psychology, mabuku, nthano ndi zina masukulu. Kodi lingaliro lotani la archetype - m'nkhani ino.
Archetype - ndi chiyani?
Zimamveka ngati chilengedwe chonse chokhala ndi chibadwidwe, chomwe chimapereka zosowa za munthu, malingaliro ake, malingaliro ndi khalidwe lake. Archetype ndi chikumbumtima chosagwirizana , cholandira kuchokera kwa makolo kupyolera mu manenedwe. Aliyense amasankha wokondedwa wake malinga ndi archetype yake, amakonda, amaletsa ana, ndi zina zotero. Pokhala ndi lingaliro la umunthu waumulungu uwu, wothandizira angathandize munthu kuchotsa zovuta komanso ngakhale kusintha moyo wake.
Archetypes wa Jung
Pakati pa archetypes, zinthu zowonongeka zamaganizo, ndi ziphunzitso zongopeka zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chikumbumtima choyambirira, pali kugwirizana kwachindunji. Choyamba, wolembayo anayerekezera, ndiye kuti ndiwe, ndipo kenako anafotokoza lingaliro lakuti wina amapanga wina. Archetypes a Jung ndi a mtundu wonse wa anthu ndipo adzalandira cholowa chawo. Zithunzi zamakono zimayika mu chidziwitso chozama, kupitirira malire a umunthu.
Kulemera kwawo ndi kumveka kwawo kumapereka maluso a munthu, mphamvu zake zolenga. M'ntchito zake, Jung amapita kukafufuza zongopeka za anthu a padziko lapansi. Pambuyo pake, amagwiritsa ntchito mawu achichepere pofuna kufotokozera zochitika zapadziko lonse (mythological) motifs zomwe zimayambira mtundu uliwonse wa mawonekedwe. Malo apadera mu kayendedwe kake ka zopangidwe kanaperekedwa ku "maski", "anime", "mthunzi", "wokha". Ambiri adadziwika ndi wolembayo ndi aluso a ntchito zolemba. "Mthunzi" ndi Mephistopheles Goethe mu "Faust", "Wakukalamba wanzeru" ndi Zarathushtra ku Nietzsche.
Archetype wa anzeru
Amatchedwanso woganiza, zomwe zauzimu ndizofunika kwambiri kuposa mfundo. Mwini wanzeru ali wodekha ndi wosonkhanitsidwa, akuyikirapo. Kwa iye, kudzipereka ndi kuphweka n'kofunika. Archetypes wa umunthu ali ndi mtundu wina, kotero kwa munthu wanzeru awa ndi achromatic, mithunzi yopanda rangi. Ofilosofi akunja angawoneke ngati ozizira ndi anthu osagwirizana, koma izi si choncho. Amangosankha zokambirana zopanda pake ndi zosangalatsa, kufufuza choonadi. Iwo amayesa nthawi zonse, amaphunzira china chatsopano, kulenga ndipo ndi malangizo awo anzeru amathandiza aliyense.
Archetype Animus
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa ziganizo za chiwerewere - chigawo chachikazi cha psyche ya munthu. Mfuti wa Jungian uyu amasonyeza malingaliro, malingaliro ndi zofuna za munthu, maganizo ake. Momwemo zizoloŵezi zonse zazimaganizo zazimayi zimawongolera - kusintha msangamsanga, kusuntha kwaulosi, kukwanitsa kukondana kamodzi ndi moyo wonse. Jung ananena za anime ngati wokonzekera kulumpha. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, amuna, okondedwa ndi anime, otchedwa animatous. Izi ndizokwiya, zopanda nzeru komanso zosavuta kuzikakamiza kuti azigonana kwambiri, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti asamangokhalira kugonana.
Archetype Animus
Mphindi wachiwiri wa chiwerewere ndi chigawo chachimuna cha psyche ya mkazi. Mtundu uwu wa Jung umapereka lingaliro, pamene zojambulazo ndizokhazikika. Kawirikawiri, zikhulupiliro zolimba za amayi sizitsimikiziridwa mwatsatanetsatane, koma ngati atsimikiza chinachake ... Afilipi abwino ndi omwe amachititsa kuzindikira kwa amayi, kudzipereka kwawo ku zikhulupiriro zonse. Ndipo cholakwikacho chingakhoze kuchikankhira icho ku chinthu chopanda pake. Mtundu uwu wamatsenga umakhala mu chikhalidwe chomwe chimayendetsa mkaziyo. Ndipo chikazi choposa chiyimire chogonana chofooka chikuwoneka, chimakhala champhamvu kwambiri.
Otsatira akhoza kugwira ntchito komanso chikumbumtima. Maganizo a animus nthawi zonse amakhala pamodzi ndikuima pamwamba pa ziweruzo za munthu aliyense. Mtundu uwu wa "kampani yamilandu" ya archetype ndi munthu wa animus. Iye ndi wokonzanso, motsogoleredwa ndi mkazi yemwe amavala mawu osadziwika m'mawu ake, amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "odziwika bwino", "motero chitani zonse", kukopera chidziwitso kuchokera m'mabuku, kumvetsera zokambirana, ndi zina zotero.
Archetype ya Self
Jung amamuona kuti ndiwe mtsogoleri wamkulu wa chigamulo - chigwirizano cha umphumphu wa umunthu, kukhazikika. Zimagwirizanitsa chidziwitso ndi chidziwitso, kuimika moyenera zotsutsana ndi psyche. Pozindikira za archetypes za munthu ndi kufufuza maonekedwe ena, Jung adapeza kudzikonda kwake, akulingalira zonsezi. Chizindikiro cha kugwirizana kwakukulu ndi mgwirizano wa kutsutsana. Wodzikonda akhoza kudziwonetsera yekha m'maloto monga chithunzi chopanda pake. Kwa anthu ambiri, izo sizinapangidwe ndipo iwo sakudziwa kalikonse za izo.
Shadow Archetype
Jung amamutcha "wotsutsa-ine". Izi ndi makhalidwe omwe munthu sazindikira komanso sakufuna kuwona. The archetype ya mthunzi molingana ndi Jung ndi mdima, woipa, mbali ya nyama ya umunthu, imene wonyamulayo amaletsa. Izi zimakhudza zolakalaka ndi malingaliro osavomerezeka, zochita zachiwawa. Chitsanzo ichi chiri ndi archetype iyi: ngati ntchito yaikulu ndi munthu waumunthu amene amayamba kulimbitsa mtima, ndiye mthunzi wake udzakhala mtundu woganiza kuti nthawi yosayembekezereka ingadziwonetsere ngati mdierekezi atachoka pamoto.
Mthunzi umakula ngati wina akukula ndipo amadziwa, aliyense amayamba kumvetsa za iye pa kuchepa kwa moyo wake. Kuchita mthunzi kungakhale mwa kuvomereza kwa munthu aliyense payekha komanso Akatolika omwe ali ndi mwayi kwambiri, povomereza kuti pali chochitika choterocho. Aliyense ayenera kumvetsetsa ndi kumvetsetsa kuti nthawi iliyonse ali wokonzeka kuchita makhalidwe oipa ndi zikhumbo.
Munthu wa Archetype
Mwachidule, ndi chigoba chomwe munthu amavala kuti achite ntchito inayake. Mitundu ya archetypes imasiyanitsa munthu monga gawo la psyche, kuyang'ana panja ndi kutumikira ntchito za kusintha. Chigobachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito palimodzi, choncho ndilo gawo la psyche. Munthuyo amakhala ngati kusamvana pakati pa munthu ndi gulu. Kuvala mask, munthu ndi ovuta kuyanjana ndi ena. Anthu omwe sanakhazikitse munthu amatchedwa kuti sociopaths osasamala. Koma vutoli ndi losafunika, chifukwa liwononga umunthu wa munthu.
Archetype Mulungu
Wotsatira wa chiphunzitso cha Jungian ndi Gene Shinoda Bohlen, yemwe adaphunzira azimayi ndi abambo aamphongo mu nthano. Kwa mafano achikunja omwe amakhulupirira kuti amulungu awa ndi awa:
- Zeus - wofuna kwambiri ndi wamphamvu, wodzidalira .
- Hade - wamtendere ndi wodabwitsa, wosadziwika.
- Apollo - okhwima ndi oganiza bwino, ndi nzeru.
- Hephaestus ndi wolimbikira komanso wamphamvu.
- Dionysus - yozikika komanso yosagwirizana.
Mitundu ya archetypes molingana ndi Jung pakati pa amayi Amulungu ndi awa:
- Artemis ndi wolimba komanso woopsa. Iye salola zolemba.
- Athena ndi wanzeru ndipo amafunitsitsa, amatha kukana maganizo ndi kusanthula mfundo zokha.
- Aphrodite ndi wachibadwa komanso wachifundo.
- Tyuf - yotsutsa, kuyesetsa kuti adziwe zambiri, koma panthawi yomweyi sangathe kupereka zotsatira za zochita zawo.
- Hecate ndi wokonda kwambiri. Anthu omwe amadziwika kuti ndi amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amachita zamatsenga.
Munthu aliyense akuphatikiza awiri kapena atatu kapena archetypes ambiri. Amakondana wina ndi mzake, amatha kupambana wina, kulamulira wonyamulira, kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa zofuna zawo, kutsogolera ntchito yawo, kutsatira kwawo malingaliro ena. Amulungu awa ndi otheka kachitidwe ka khalidwe, koma zambiri zimadalira pa kulera, kuthekera kwa munthu kusintha, kukwaniritsa ndi kukwaniritsa zoyembekeza za ena.
Jung ndi mtsogoleri wa amayi
Ichi ndi choipa cha zinthu zonse ndi chiyambi cha zinthu zonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusiyana ndi maganizo ena onse, chifukwa cha chiwerengero cha psychotherapeutic, chiwerengerochi chimasintha. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ikhoza kudziwonetsera ngati yofunikira ndipo kenaka wogwira ntchitoyo adzakhala ndi mavuto pochita zinthu. Ngati archetype ikusokoneza chiyanjano cha banja ndi chikhalidwe, ndiye kuti kuphwanya kulikonse komweku kudzawonekera pazovuta za kusintha, kuyankhulana. Chochitika chotsatira chachitatu cha chiberekero chimapangitsa mphamvu ya wonyamulira kutenga pakati, kubereka ndi kubereka, kapena mwayi womaliza ntchitoyo.
Child Archetype
Archetype iyi mu psychology imatchedwa Divine. Ndipo zonse chifukwa ziri ndi mphamvu zonse za mzimu, mphamvu zonse za chirengedwe ndi chidziwitso chophatikiza. Ndi mbali imodzi, mwana wopanda chitetezo amatha kuwonongedwa ndi wina aliyense, koma mzake, amadziwika ndi mphamvu zambiri. Chidziwitso cha womunyamula chikhoza kuthyoledwa ndi zizoloŵezi zosiyana zotsutsana, koma nyenyezi yotentha ya mwanayo imawagwirizanitsa.
Wolemba zamatsenga ndi Jung
Ichi ndi chiwonetsero chapamwamba kwambiri, chowonetsera kufunikira kwa chidziwitso ndi chidziwitso. Mkazi woteroyo akhoza kukhala wokhudzidwa ndi zinsinsi za kukhala, chipembedzo ndi esotericism. Amadzizungulira ndi zithumwa, amanyamula zithumwa komanso nthawi zambiri zojambula. Kwa onyamulira archetype yotere, intuition yopambana kwambiri ndi khalidwe. Zitsanzo za Jung archetypes ndi Mary Poppins. Chithunzichi chinawonetsedwa mu kanema "Muse". Kotero iwo amachitcha mbali ya kuwala kwa mfiti. Mbali ya mdima ikuwonetseredwa mu kukhoza kukondweretsa ndi kunyengerera, kuchenjerera, kutsogolera, kutulutsa chikhumbo.
The archetype ya jester ndi Jung
Awa ndi archetype yoganiza za kulenga, akudzinenera kukhala osagwirizana ndi zinthu. Chiphunzitso cha archetypes chimaphatikizapo ziwonetsero zambiri, koma izi zimatiphunzitsa kuti tizisamalira mosavuta moyo popanda kuganizira zomwe ena amaganiza. Wopusa ngati kuwala kwachabechabe cha dziko lamakono komanso zopanda pake tsiku ndi tsiku zamakhalidwe abwino. Amabweretsa chisokonezo m'dziko lokonzekera ndipo amachititsa kuti malotowo akwaniritsidwe. Amadziwika ndi kukhudzidwa ndi kudzikonda, kusewera, zomwe munthu angakwanitse pokhapokha ali mwana.
Nsonga ya wopusa imathandiza anthu kuti ayambe kutuluka mumadzi, kuchoka pa zovuta kwambiri. Iwo ali otseguka ndi okoma mtima, ndipo amatha kusintha ngakhale ntchito yowonongeka ndi yopweteketsa mu njira yolenga, kuti ikhale yosangalatsa ndi yosangalatsa. Chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi ndi Semyon Semyonovich mu filimuyi "The Arm Diamond". Charlie Chaplin ndi mtsikana wokongola dzina lake Tosya kuchokera mu kanema "Atsikana" amakhalanso oimira jester.