Anesthesia ya m'derali ndi mtundu wa mankhwala am'thupi, omwe amachititsa kuti thupi likhale lopweteka (makamaka ululu) m'madera ena olepheretsa thupi. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kutsekedwa kwa kayendedwe kabwino ka mitsempha m'magulu osiyanasiyana.
Anesthésia ya m'derali imatha kuchita zopaleshoni zosiyanasiyana zopaleshoni, kuvala ndi njira zothandizira. Pankhaniyi, choyamba kupwetekedwa mtima kumaponderezedwa, pambuyo pake kutentha kwa mphamvu, kutengeka kovuta, kupsinjika maganizo kumasokonezeka. Mosiyana ndi wamkulu, ndi anesthesia, chidziwitso ndi chidwi chachikulu mwa anthu zimapitirizabe.
Mitundu ya anesthesia yakomweko ndi kukonzekera kwa iwo
Malingana ndi malo omwe amaletsa kufalikira kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha, anesthesia amagawidwe amagawidwa mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Pamwamba (terminal) anesthesia
Anesthesia wamtunduwu amaperekedwa mwachindunji ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi ziwalo za thupi. Mwachitsanzo, potsegula zochepa zazing'ono, kupweteka kwa anesthesia kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala monga chloroethyl kapena ether, yomwe imasanduka nthunzi kuchokera pamwamba pa matenda kumapangitsa kuti kuzizira ndi kuzizira.
Pogwiritsa ntchito ziwalo za masomphenya, ziwalo za ENT, ziwalo za mtundu wa genitourinary, pamwamba pa khungu ndi mucous membranes imathandizidwa ndi ulimi wothirira ndi njira zowonongeka, kapena zowonongeka zotsatiridwazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumadera oyenera. Pankhani imeneyi, monga njira zothetsera anesthesia, zothetsera vutoli zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- novocaine;
- lidocaine ;
- trimecaine;
- kukana, ndi zina zotero.
Kuonjezerapo, chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa thupi kumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opopera mbewu, mafinya, mpini. Ngati kuli kofunikira kuti awonongeke mankhwala ndi traona, njira yofunira imagwiritsidwa ntchito-kuyambitsidwa kwa mankhwala kudzera mu catheter.
Zowonongeka m'deralo
Mankhwala oterewa amachitidwa mwa kuika minofuyi ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'deralo komwe opaleshoni idzachitidwa. Motero, zizindikiro za mitsempha zimatsekedwa chifukwa chodziwidwa mwachindunji ndi mapeto a mitsempha.
Mankhwala a anesthesia angapangidwe ndi njira zosiyanasiyana. Njira imodzi yowonjezera ndiyo kuyambitsa njira yothetsera vuto la novocaine intradermally ndi singano yopyapyala panthawi yamtsogolo. Pachifukwa ichi, kuchotsedwa kwa mitsempha yaing'ono ndi mapiritsi azing'ono amapindula.
Anesthesia kumidzi
Mankhwala otchedwa anesthesia, omwe amaphatikizapo kutsegula mankhwala am'mimba pafupi ndi thumba lalikulu la mitsempha kapena plexus, amagawidwa mu subspecies:
- chotsitsa;
- chithunzi;
- msana wa msana ;
- intravascular.
Njira zotere za anesthesia zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mazinjini, pochita ziwalo za mkati (m'mimba, nthata, ndulu, etc.), pamapazi, ndi mitsempha, ndi zina zotero. Zothetsera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- novocaine;
- ephedrine;
- bupivacaine;
- ropivacaine.
Kodi anesthesia am'deralo amavulaza?
Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri akugwiritsa ntchito anesthesia, kuphatikizapo pakhomo, anesthesia yotereyi ingayambitse zovuta zambiri ndi zovuta:
- mutu;
- zosokoneza;
- chisokonezo;
- kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi;
- kusokonezeka kwa mtima;
- phokoso;
- kutaya chidziwitso;
- kuperewera kwa kupuma, ndi zina zotero.
Komabe, poyerekezera mtundu uwu wa anesthesia ndi anesthesia wambiri, wina akhoza kufika kumapeto kuti anesthesia kumaloko ndi otetezeka komanso ovomerezeka.