Thrombocytopenia - Zimayambitsa

Thrombocytopenia ndi kuperewera kapena kuchepa kwa mapulogalamu a magazi (mapiritsi). Maselo amagazi osapanga ndi ofunikira kwambiri kuti magazi asungunuke. Kutchulidwa thrombocytopenia kungakhale kuopseza moyo, chifukwa kumayambitsa kutaya mwazi komanso kutaya magazi pamimba.

Zifukwa za thrombocytopenia

Zotsatira za thrombocytopenia ndizosiyana kwambiri. Kuperewera kwa mapaleletti kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito magazi, omwe sagwirizana ndi umembala wa gulu, kapena pamene antigen yachilendo imalowa m'thupi, mwachitsanzo, kachilombo. Koma nthawi zambiri mu thupi la munthu, autoimmune thrombocytopenia ikukula. Izi ndizochitika momwe chitetezo cha mthupi sichitha "kudziwa" kachilombo kake kameneka, komwe kumayambitsa chitukuko cha ma antibodies kuti athetse "mlendo". Ngati thrombocytopia yotere ikuyenda ndi matenda ena, ndiye kuti amatchedwa yachiwiri. Zifukwa zake ndizosiyana siyana:

• collagenoses (dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus kapena scleroderma );
• matenda aakulu a khansa ya m'magazi (Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, myeloma);
• matenda a impso komanso matenda a chiwindi.

Ngati autoimmune thrombocytopenia imadziwika ngati matenda okhaokha, ndiye amatchedwa matenda a Verlhof, komanso matenda ofunika kwambiri kapena adipathic thrombocytopenia. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa sizinakhazikitsidwe. Zina mwa zinthu zomwe zisanachitike chitukukochi, zimakhala ndi mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya, opaleshoni, katemera, kuvulala komanso kutuluka kwa gamma globulin. Pa 45% ya milandu, thrombocytopenia yofunikira imapezeka mwadzidzidzi popanda chifukwa.

Zifukwa za thrombocytopenia zopindulitsa

Thrombocytopenia yopindulitsa imapezeka m'thupi, pamene mafupa sangathe kuyika mapaleti muyeso yomwe akufunikira kuti aziyendera dera labwino. Zomwe zimayambitsa thrombocytopenia kwa akulu ndi izi:

• kupweteka kwa magazi ;
• Matenda a TAP;
• myelodysplastic syndrome;
• myelosclerosis;
• mitsempha ya mitsempha ya m'mafupa;
• zochita za mankhwala (mwachitsanzo, benzene).

Kuonjezera apo, thrombocytopenia yapamwamba imapezeka chifukwa cha matenda a khansa yambiri, pamene pali chifuwa chachikulu kusintha kwa hematopoiesis, ndi uchidakwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana (viremia, miliri ya TB, bacactia). Pewani kusowa kwa mapuloleteni ndi omwe alibe vitamini B12 ndi folic acid. Kusintha kwa thrombocytopenia komanso mankhwala othandizira ma radiation kapena ma radiation.

Zifukwa za mankhwala thrombocytopenia

Ndi mankhwala a thrombocytopenia, ma antibodies amapangidwa motsutsana ndi mankhwala ena oletsa antigen-mankhwala omwe amaikidwa pamwamba pa mapaleti, kapena pamene mapangidwe a antigenic amasintha. Nthaŵi zambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa mtundu wa thrombocytopenia ndi mankhwala awa:

1. Zosintha:

• Meprobamate;
• Phenobarbital;
• Sedormid;
• allyl isopropylbarbituric asidi.

2. Alkaloids:

• Quinidine;
• Quinine.
• Antibiotics;
• Oxytetracycline;
• Streptomycin;
• Chloramphenicol;
• Ristocetin.

3. Antibacterial sulfonamides:

• Sulfidiazine;
• Sulfamethazine.

4. Mankhwala ena:

• Dabwitsa;
• iodide potaziyamu;
• Digitoxin;
• Carbamazepine.

Zifukwa za thrombocytopenia mwa odwala kachirombo ka HIV

Thrombocytopenia ikhoza kuwonetsa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV. Pali zifukwa ziwiri zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli kwa odwala:

1. Choyamba, ndikuti kachilombo ka HIV kamayambitsa megakaryocytes, zomwe zimachititsa kusowa kwa mapulogalamu.
2. Chachiwiri, mankhwala omwe amathandiza kulimbana ndi matenda nthawi zambiri amawononga mfupa wofiira wa munthu.