Tsabola wa Chibugariya, imamera, kukula ndi kusamalira iyo ili ndi zinthu zingapo, kusadziwa komwe kumayambitsa kuphulika kwa tsinde ndi kuchepa mu zokolola. Mbeu zowonjezeka, zamphamvu zimatha kupezeka kokha ndi kulingalira kwa ulimi wothirira komanso kutentha moyenerera tsiku ndi tsiku, chofunika kwambiri ndi kusunga zonse za agrotechnical.
Bzalani tsabola pa mbande
Kulima mbande za tsabola kumayamba ndi kukonzekera kwa nthaka yoyenera, yopangidwa bwinoyi ikuphatikizapo:
- nthaka kapena masamba (50%);
- humus kapena peat (25%);
- mchenga (25%);
- onjezerani 10 g wa phulusa pa kg makilogalamu.
Pambuyo kusanganikirana, dothi losakaniza limatetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (pozizira, kuzizira kapena kuwerengera). Kenaka fungicide ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mu mphika watsukidwa mu njira yothetsera potassium permanganate, kutsanulira nthaka kusakaniza ndikuyika mbewu ndi tweezers. Pamwamba ndi nthaka yosakaniza 1 mpaka 1.5 masentimita, kuigwedeza, kutsanulira. Pamwamba pa chidebecho, ikani polyethylene kapena mbale ya galasi, ndikupanga zotsatira za kapu kakang'ono.
Mbewu ya mbande imakonzedwa motere:
- Awayang'anire mosamala, kuchotsani anthu owonongeka kapena ofooka;
- kuti zilowerere mbewu, gwiritsani ntchito yankho la fungicide kapena manganese (kuwala kofiira piritsi), ndondomeko imatenga 25-30 mphindi;
- Pukuta, kufalitsa pa nsalu yoyera, kuphimba pamwamba ndi gauze, malo otentha;
- Pambuyo masiku 10-14, mbewuzo zimamera mosamala, popanda kuwononga midzi yambiri ya rootlets, kuwapititsa kumalo okonzeka kubzala.
Kodi kudzala tsabola pa mbande?
Mbewu ya tsabola imafesedwa panthawi, molingana ndi mitundu yosankhidwa, podziwa makhalidwe awo, kubzala mbewu:
- mitundu yoyambirira yakucha - masiku 65 asanadzalemo m'munda;
- mitundu yokolola - kwa masiku makumi asanu ndi awiri;
- mitundu yochedwa yakucha - kwa masiku 75 kusanafike.
Nthawi yabwino yokula mbande, amaluwa ambiri amaonedwa pakati pa mwezi wa February, koma popeza kuti tsiku lowala mwezi uno ndiloling'ono, liyenera kuyika mbande ndi kuthandizidwa ndi nyali . Mitsuko yodzala mbewu ndi yowonjezereka kuti mupeze mawindo akumwera, kotero kuti mazira oyambirira a dzuŵa amawombera, izi zidzathandizira kukula kwawo. Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March, mungathe kuyembekezera maonekedwe a masamba oyambirira, ndiko kuti, poyambira kutumiza zomera kuti atsegule malo, iwo amakula ndi kukula.
Chibulgaria tsabola - kusamalira mbande
Mbewu za tsabola zamasamba, kumera mbande ndikuzisamalira zimafuna kukhazikitsidwa mwakhama malamulo a sayansi yamakono, mbewu zamasamba zisakhale zowonongeka, kusiya 3-4 masentimita pakati pa zomera za mtsogolo, kupewa kupezeka, tsabola sakonda. Pamene mbande zaphuka, muyenera kuchotsa pogona ndikutsatira zofunikira zogwirira ntchito kuti muzisamalira mbande za tsabola:
- perekani kuwala kokwanira, kutentha kwa chipinda chofunda (osachepera 24-26 ° C);
- Mpweya m'chipinda chosungunuka, zomera zimatulutsa;
- kuthira madzi mphukira pambuyo pa masiku awiri kapena atatu, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda, musalole kuti chinyezi chinyontho komanso kuyanika kwa nthaka;
- dothi pang'ono pamaso kuthirira;
- ngati n'koyenera, mosamala kusankha ,
- mpaka nthawi yokweza mbande, kudyetsa ndi kuumitsa mu mpweya wabwino.
Tsabola - kuthirira mbande
Mbande za tsabola kunyumba ayenera kukhala amadzi madzi okwanira, popanda kutengeka kwa chinyezi, mwinamwake mizu idzavunda ndipo zomera zidzafa. Madzi okwanira akulimbikitsidwa kutentha, + 25-30 ° C, mwinamwake zomera zidzakhala zofooka ndipo zikhoza kufa. Yambani mwamsanga mbande kawiri kapena katatu m'masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi awiri (7), pamene mbeu imatulutsa timapepala - tsiku ndi tsiku. Kupewa matenda a fungal m'madzi (kawiri pa mwezi), mukhoza kuwonjezera yankho la biofderacid (trichoderma, planaris).
Kodi kudyetsa mbande tsabola?
Kubzala mbewu ndi tsabola, kumera, kukula ndi kusamalira, ndi limodzi ndi zina, podyetsa nthawi ziwiri:
- kwa nthawi yoyamba - pamene masamba 2-3 akukula kapena kusuta kumapangidwa (ngati kuli kofunikira);
- Nthawi yachiwiri - pambuyo pa masabata 2-3.
Kuwonjezera mbande za tsabola zimakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri mu mawonekedwe a madzi, mugwiritsire ntchito pokonzekera mapangidwe apadera okonzedwa m'masitolo. Mutagwiritsa ntchito feteleza, tsitsani nthaka. Monga feteleza wa masamba, mungagwiritse ntchito tincture ya nettle, kukonzekera mu chiŵerengero: gawo limodzi la nettle kwa magawo khumi a madzi, nthawi yotsekemera - masiku awiri.
Kubzala kwa tsabola mbande
Mbewu ya tsabola yotsekedwa pamalo otseguka atatha kusamala malo. M'dzinja, onjezerani mchere ndi organic substances ku zosankhidwa kubzala malo monga feteleza, m'chaka - ammonium nitrate. Kupalasa mosamala, osaphwanya nsalu ya padziko lapansi pambali, izi sizidzatengera kuvulaza kwake. Sakanizani mbande muzenje, perekani dziko lapansi, tsitsani nthaka mozungulira ndikutsanulira. Kutalikirana pakati pa zomera zimachokera pa 25-30 cm masentimita, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe anabzala pamtunda wina, ndi bwino kugona pamtunda wa 25-30 masentimita.