Matenda a nthendayi amatanthauza matenda osadziwika omwe amachititsa mchitidwe wamanjenje. Chifukwa cha kuonekera kwa matendawa sichinaphunzire bwino, komanso palibe mankhwala omwe adapezekapo. Matendawa amakhudza anthu pambuyo pa zaka 60 ndipo akufulumira.
Kodi matenda a Pick ndi otani?
Matenda a Pick ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuti munthu adwale matenda ovutika maganizo. Choyambitsa chitukuko chake ndicho kuwonongeka kwa maselo a lobes omwe amatsogola. Khungu la ubongo ndilo gawo la ubongo lomwe limachepa ndi matenda a Pick, mzere pakati pa ubongo ndi ubweya wa ubongo uli wofiira. Wodwala ayamba kuyenda bwino mu danga, kutayika maluso omwe alipo, sangathe kupeza chidziwitso chatsopano ndi luso. Kusintha kwa umunthu kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa kudziletsa komanso kuwonjezeka kwa gawo la zilakolako ndi chikhalidwe.
Matenda a chiwerengero chapamwamba ndi a Alzheimers
Matenda a Chiwindi ndi Alzheimers ndi ofanana pakati pawo, zizindikiro, zomwe ndizo kukula kwa maganizo. Matenda osiyana ndi Niemann Pick, omwe ali ndi dzina lofanana, koma chizindikiro chosiyana kwambiri ndi njira. Posiyanitsa matenda a Alzheimer's ndi matenda a Pick, ndikofunikira kumvetsera zinthu izi:
- Zaka. Matenda a peak angadziwonetsere kwa anthu pambuyo pa zaka 50, ndipo matenda a Alzheimer ndi omwe amachitira anthu okalamba - zaka 60-70.
- Malingaliro amalingaliro. Mu matenda a Alzheimers, samalirani, kukumbukira ndi kulingalira zimayamba poyamba, ndipo mu matenda a Pick, mavuto omwe ali ndi malingaliro amalingaliro akuwonekera panthawi ina.
- Makhalidwe. Mu matenda a Alzheimers, umunthu wa munthu umakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo pa vuto la Pick's disease, kusintha kwa umunthu kumakhala koonekera. Wodwala yemwe akudziŵa kuti Pick's disease akuyendayenda, amatsatira chikhalidwe chake, amakana kumusamalira, amadziletsa.
- Kulankhula. Odwala ndi matenda a Pick amatha kutaya mawu, koma amasunga luso lowerenga ndi kulemba. Mu matenda a Alzheimers, mavuto a kulankhula amalima pang'onopang'ono, koma luso la kuwerenga ndi kulemba latayika.
- Chifukwa cha matendawa. Matenda a nthendayi ndi ovuta, amakula mofulumira ndipo amatha kufa zaka 6. Matenda a Alzheimers amadziwika bwino. Moyo pambuyo pa matendawa ndi zaka 7-10.
Zifukwa za kuchepa kwaumtima
Zizindikiro za matenda a Pick zinafotokozedwa mmbuyo mu 1892, koma mpaka pano, zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa sizinakhazikitsidwe. Kusokonezeka maganizo kwaumtima, chifuwa chachikulu chaumtima chikhoza kulandira, koma zochitika zapadera zimakhala zofala kwambiri. Zina mwazifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, ofufuza amatcha izi:
- kukhala munthu kwa nthawi yaitali pansi pa chikoka cha mankhwala owopsa, kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, uchidakwa;
- kawirikawiri kapena mopitirira muyeso anesthesia ;
- matenda;
- ziphuphu;
- chisokonezo;
- matenda;
- Kutaya kwa vitamini kumayambitsa kusowa kwa ma vitamini B.
Matenda a Pick - zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro
Matenda a maganizo oopsa, omwe amamera ndi kukula kwa matendawa, amadziwonekera bwino pachiyambi cha matendawa. Madokotala amachitcha zizindikiro zotere za kuchepa kwaumtima:
- kudzikonda kwambiri;
- Tsatirani zochitika zanu ndi zikhumbo zanu;
- khalidwe losagwirizana;
- adachepetsa ntchito yowunika;
- kusintha kwa kulankhula, kubwereza mau omwe mumakonda;
- Kukhumudwa kwakukulu kumati: Kuchita mantha kapena kusasamala ;
- kusakhazikika kwa maganizo ndi maganizo;
- amnesia , chisokonezo;
- kusowa nzeru;
- Kutaya mphamvu yolankhulana ndi ena.
Matenda a matenda - magawo
Matenda a peak, zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimadalira pa siteji ya matenda, zimayamba ndi mavuto a umunthu, ndipo zimatha ndi imfa ya wodwalayo. Pali magawo atatu a matendawa:
- Kukula kwa zilakolako zadyera. Wodwala amasiya kumvera zokhumba ndi khalidwe la anthu oyandikana nawo. Pakatikati mwa chilengedwe chake ndi iye mwini. Zokhumba zake ndi zosowa zake zikubwera patsogolo, zomwe iye akufunitsitsa kuti akwaniritse mwamsanga. Pamodzi ndi izi, luso lodzudzula ndi kudziletsa limachepa. Pali kusasinthasintha maganizo, chizoloŵezi chodandaula ndi kusasamala.
- Kusokoneza ntchito zamaganizo. Pali mavuto ndi mawu: wodwala akubwereza mawu omwe amakonda komanso nkhani. Kukula kwa mavuto ndi kulankhula kumapangitsa kuti silingathe kufotokoza maganizo awo ndikukumvetsa zolankhula za wina. Maluso osokoneza a kuwerenga, kulemba, kuwerengera, kuchepetsa kukumbukira ndi kulingalira, luso lochita zinthu.
- Matenda a dementia. Pali chisokonezo mlengalenga, kuthekera kwongodzipereka kumatayika. Odwala amasiya kusuntha ndipo amafunikira kusamalidwa nthawi zonse. Matenda ndi kusakwanira kwa ubongo kumabweretsa imfa ya wodwalayo.
Sankhani matenda - fufuzani
Matenda a peak pazigawo zoyambirira zimagwirizana ndi matenda ena a ndondomeko ya ubongo ndi yaumaganizo. Asanayambe kudwala matenda ovutika maganizo, madokotala amaphunzira anamnesis, kufunsa achibale ake odwalawo ndikuwunika bwinobwino. Kupezeka kwa "Kusankha matenda" a matenda a ubongo kawirikawiri amangoika kokha gawo lachiwiri la matendawa, pamene zizindikiro zoyamba zimaphatikizidwa ku kuphwanya mchitidwe wa chidziwitso. Matenda osiyanasiyana a Alzheimer's ndi matenda a Pick amachokera ku EEG, REG, transcranial ultrasound, njira za Echo-EG ndi tomography.
Mayeso a kuchepa kwaumphaŵi
Ndi matenda a Pick, adanena kuti kuwonongeka kwa ntchito ya chidziwitso kumachitika. Ena amazindikira kuti wodwalayo wavutika kwambiri kukumbukira, kuchepetsa chidwi ndi kuganiza.
Pofuna kutsimikizira kukayikira kwa kuchepa kwa maganizo ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa njirazi, wodwalayo akhoza kupatsidwa mayeso awiri osavuta:
- Chithunzi cha ola. Munthu wachikulire amaperekedwa kuti ayambe kujambula wotchi. Kawirikawiri, chiwerengerocho chiyenera kutengedwa maulendo onse a koloko, ziyenera kukhala pamtunda wofanana kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Pakati panu payenera kukhala dontho ndi mivi yomwe ilipo.
- Mawu. Munthu amafunsidwa kutchula zomera ndi zinyama zambiri monga momwe zingathere mumphindi imodzi, kapena mawu ambiri momwe zingathere pa kalata yake. Kawirikawiri, anthu amachitcha mawu 15-22 ndi mayina a zomera kapena zinyama ndi mawu 12-16 pa kalata. Ngati wodwalayo atchula mawu osachepera 10, ali ndi vuto la kukumbukira.
Kodi mungachite chiyani ndi matenda ovutika maganizo?
Matenda a Pick, mankhwala omwe sanapezeke, akukula mofulumira ndipo akupha. Ngakhale kuti matendawa sangathe kuchiritsidwa, zotsatira zake zimatha kuchepetsedwa ndikupangitsa moyo wa wodwalayo kukhala womasuka. Achibale a munthu wodwala adzafunikira kuleza mtima ndi kumvetsa kwakukulu, chifukwa chakuti maganizo a matenda a Pick amamveka bwino.
Wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ovutika maganizo amafunikira kusamalira maola 24 ndi kuyang'anira chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha nkhanza ndikuchita zosiyana. Achibale kusamalira wodwala ayenera kuyang'anira kudya kwa mankhwala omwe adalangizidwa, kutsatira malamulo onse a dokotala, kuteteza wodwalayo kukumverera ndi kupsinjika maganizo, ntchito za phokoso, mikangano.
Kusokonezeka maganizo kwa dokotala - ndi dokotala uti?
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda a Pick zikukakamiza achibale awo kuti aganizire za maonekedwe a matenda a maganizo. Ngati mukuganiza kuti matenda a "matenda ovutika maganizo," omwe akudwala, kuwayeza, kuwayeza kwa odwala oterewa, kusankhidwa kwa zizindikiro komanso kufotokozera za matendawa, amachitidwa ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo omwe amatha kupereka mankhwala. Chithandizo china chingatheke ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo ndi wodwala matenda a maganizo.
Matenda a Pick - malingaliro ochipatala
Matenda a Pick nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka ndi matenda a Niemann Pick. Matenda awiriwa ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa zizindikiro ndipo ndi ofanana ndi maina okha. Matenda a Niemann Pick, omwe malangizidwe awo a kachipatala amasiyana kwambiri ndi malingaliro a Pick's disease, sagwiritsidwa ntchito ku matenda a maganizo ndipo amapezeka ana. Ponena za matenda a Pick, pali zotsatila zamakono:
- Chithandizochi chiyenera kusankha munthu wodwala matenda a maganizo, malinga ndi zomwe adokotala amakhulupirira.
- Kuti athetse vuto la wodwalayo, akatswiri a maganizo ndi opatsirana maganizo ayenera kukhala nawo pa chithandizo.
- Mankhwalawa ndi ololedwa, chifukwa amathandiza kuchepetsa kukula kwa matendawa.
- Pachigawo chomalizira, matenda a wodwalayo ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa: chifukwa chosasunthika, mavuto ambiri angapangidwe.
Matenda owopsa - mankhwala, mankhwala
Matenda a peak amatanthauza matenda achiwawa omwe sangathe kuwongolera. Pazigawo zoyamba za matendawa, wodwalayo akuwonetseredwa ndi matenda a psychotherapy, akuyendera maphunziro a chidziwitso, ndi kupititsa patsogolo kwa matenda - chithandizo chamakono, chipinda chodzidzimutsa, chiwonetsero cha kukhalapo. Chithandizo cha kuchepa kwaumphaŵi ndi mankhwala chimapangitsa kuchepetsa kukula kwa matenda, koma alibe zotsatira zowonongeka. Mankhwalawa akuphatikizapo:
- Mememine;
- anticholinesterase mankhwala: Galantamine, Choline alfoscerate, Donepezil, Rivastigmine;
- nootropics: gamma-aminobutyric acid, Piracetam ndi Fonturacetam;
- antipsychotics ngati khalidwe laukali likuwonekera: Chlorprotixen, Alimemazin.
Kodi mungapewe bwanji kutaya mtima kwabwino?
Njira zothandizira matenda a Pick sizinapangidwe mpaka lero, popeza palibe zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa chitukukochi. Pachifukwa ichi, kupeŵa kuchepa kwaumtima kumachokera pa malamulo odziwika bwino a moyo wathanzi:
- kudya zakudya zoyenera, kukhuta ndi mavitamini onse ndi mchere;
- kumwa madzi okwanira;
- zochitika zolimbitsa thupi;
- katundu wodziŵika bwino;
- kukhalapo kwa bwalo lolankhulana;
- zochepa zosautsa, malo abwino ndi otetezeka.