Matenda a Neurodegenerative, oyamba kufotokozedwa ndi kufufuzidwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi Wachilembo wamaganizo a ku Germany A. Alzheimer kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri, ndi mtundu wamba wa dementia (womwe umakhala wovuta kwambiri kwa theka la chiwerengero cha anthu mu ukalamba. Nthawi zambiri, matenda a Alzheimer amapezeka mwa achinyamata.
Matenda a Alzheimers - zomwe zimayambitsa
Mavuto oopsa a mtundu wa Alzheimer, monga momwe amatchulidwira matendawa, amapanga molingana ndi njira zomwe sichinafotokozedwe. Malingaliro odalirika kwambiri a chiyambi cha matenda, malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, ndi amyloid hypothesis. Malingana ndi iye, chifukwa cha Alzheimer's Alzheimer's disease chimayikidwa ndi ubongo m'maganizo a beta-amyloid - chidutswa cha mapuloteni omwe amachititsa chitetezo ndi trophic ntchito m'thupi. Zotsatira zake ndizo, mapangidwe osakanikirana ndi mapangidwe a ubongo amapangidwa, omwe amachititsa imfa ya ziwalo za ubongo.
Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti matenda a Alzheimer ndi matenda opatsirana, omwe amachititsa kuti ziphuphu zamtunduwu zisatulukidwe. Kafukufuku waposachedwapa watulukira mitundu itatu ya majeremusi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa asinthe. Kuonjezerapo, pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingapangitse kusiyana pakuyambika kwa matenda. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- kuvulala koopsa ;
- kusokonezeka maganizo;
- malingaliro;
- kuthamanga kwa magazi;
- kusintha kwa atherosclerotic m'mitsempha ya mitsempha ;
- kusowa kwa oxygen;
- kusowa kwa kuyenda;
- kunenepa kwambiri;
- kumwa kwambiri shuga;
- kusokoneza mowa;
- Kusuta.
Matenda a Alzheimer - zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro
Matendawa akupita pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pakapita nthawi mphamvu ndi chiwerengero cha mawonetseredwe akuwonjezeka. Zizindikiro zoyamba zimadziwika kawirikawiri kuwonetsera kwa zaka, zotsatira za nkhawa, kutopa, ndipo nthawi zambiri amanyalanyaza. Komanso, zizindikiro za matenda a Alzheimers zimakhala zoonekeratu, zosokoneza moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku osati odwala okha, komanso okondedwa awo.
Matenda a Alzheimer - zaka
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda a Alzheimers nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowoneka zaka zoposa 65, ngakhale kuti zovuta zoyamba kuwonongeka mu ubongo zimachitika zaka khumi ndi ziwiri zisanafike. Posachedwapa pakhala chizoloŵezi cha "kubwezeretsedwa" kwa matenda, omwe amapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi zaka 45. Pamaso pa zovuta zachibadwa, matenda a Alzheimer akhoza kukula m'zaka zapitazo, zomwe zimadziwika ndi chithunzi chomwecho.
Matenda a Matenda a Alzheimer
Maganizo oopsa a Alzheimer's, omwe amasonyeza kuti akupita patsogolo ndi nthawi, amadziwika molingana ndi kukula kwa matendawa mu magawo anayi. Tiyeni tiwaganizire mwatsatanetsatane:
1. Gawo loyamba ndilo chikhalidwe choyambirira, chomwe chikuwonetsedwa mu mawonetseredwe otsatirawa:
- vuto la kukumbukira lomwe limagwirizanitsidwa ndi zovuta kukumbukira zochitika zaposachedwa ndi zatsopano zatsopano ndi kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali;
- Kuphwanya kukhumudwa kwapakati (ponena za mawu, kuyanjana kwawo, ndi zina zotero);
- kusayang'ana mopanda;
- kusamvera;
- mikangano;
- zovuta ndi zokonza mapulani;
- mavuto ndi malingaliro omveka ndi opanda nzeru;
- kusowa chidwi pazofuna zawo, kuzizira kwaukwati.
Gawo lachiwiri ndi dementia oyambirira, momwe kusintha kwa khalidwe la wodwala kumatchulidwa kwambiri kwa ena. Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikupezeka:
- mavuto aakulu;
- kuphwanya mitundu yosiyana siyana;
- mawu;
- kuchepetsedwa mu liwiro lakulankhula;
- Kuphwanya malamulo abwino.
3. Chachitatu ndi siteji yowonongeka kwaumtima, yomwe imadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa chidziwitso komanso kuoneka kwa zizindikiro zina:
- Kusagwirizana, kulankhula kopanda pake, kusinthasintha kwa mawu;
- kusowa kwa luso lowerenga ndi kulemba;
- Kufooka kwakukulu, pamene wodwala salinso achibale ake apamtima, kukumbukira kwa nthawi yaitali kumathanso kusweka;
- zigawo zosautsa;
- kukwiya;
- kupweteka;
- kupita patsogolo kwa magetsi;
- zovuta za kugona;
- ukodzo wosadziletsa.
4. Gawo lotsiriza - Matenda a Alzheimers - amachititsa odwala kuti azidalira kwathunthu, chifukwa pafupifupi maluso onse a kudzipangira okha amatayika. Chithunzi cha kuchipatala chimaphatikizapo:
- chisokonezo;
- kusasamala konse;
- kutopa thupi;
- zovuta kupita kumapeto kwathunthu.
Matenda a Alzheimer - Chiyembekezo cha moyo
Panthawi imeneyi pakukula kwa sayansi ya zachipatala, matendawa amawoneka osachiritsika. Munthu wina amene amamukonda akhudzidwa ndi matenda a Alzheimers, siteji yotsiriza, ndi angati amakhala nawo, amasangalatsa anthu ambiri. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti ngati matenda a dementia ovuta kwambiri moyo wa odwala ukutsatiridwa ndi khalidwe la chisamaliro cha iwo. Kawirikawiri, pamene siteji yotsiriza ya matendawa ikuwonetsedwa, musakhale ndi moyo woposa chaka, mosamala - zambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, imfa sichichitika chifukwa cha matenda a Alzheimer's itself, koma chifukwa cha mavuto omwe akukhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa chibayo - chibayo, zilonda zachangu, thrombosis, ndi zina zotero.
Matenda a Alzheimer - mankhwala
Ngati akalamba kuti adziwe matendawa kwa katswiri ndi wophweka pofufuza anamnesis komanso kudziwika kwa zizindikiro zamaganizo ndi zamaganizo, matenda oyambirira a Alzheimer amapezeka movuta kwambiri. Kuti mupeze matenda oyenerera, mayesero apadera a ubongo ndi maphunziro apadera akulamulidwa:
- makompyuta ndi maginito ojambula zithunzi ;
- chotsitsa cha photon imodzi; tomography;
- positron emission tomography.
Popeza simungathe kuchiza matenda, mankhwalawa amathandiza kuchepetsa maphunziro, kuchepetsa kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kusintha moyo wa wodwala, njira zamaganizo zimagwira ntchito yofunikira. Zotsatirazi zikuphatikizapo:
- chithandizo cha nyimbo - odwala amakhala ndi nyimbo zomwe zimabweretsa maganizo abwino, mayanjano ndi nthawi kuyambira ubwana ndi unyamata;
- masewera ojambula zamakono mu masewera osavuta (kujambula, kusonyeza chitsanzo);
- Kuphatikizana - kumaphatikizapo wodwalayo mu ntchito yovuta yapakhomo, kuyambitsa zochitika zathupi;
- Cholinga cha ntchito zanzeru - kuthetsa mapuzzles, kuwerenga, kuloweza mawu ndi mawu ena.
Mukamasamalira wodwalayo muyenera kutsatira zotsatirazi:
- mtima wololera ndi wololera;
- Kupereka kwa nthawi zonse ntchito zofunikira;
- kulenga zinthu zabwino zokhalamo;
- kumatsatira mwambo wa tsiku ndi tsiku;
- kupewa zovuta.
Matenda a Alzheimer - mankhwala (mankhwala osokoneza bongo)
Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimers akhoza kulandira mankhwala awa:
- cholinesterase inhibitors (Razadin, Aricept, Exelon) - amasokoneza chidziwitso cha neurotransmitter acetylcholine;
- glutamate (Memantine) omwe amatsutsana nawo pang'ono - kuchepetsa mlingo wa wokondweretsa mkhalapakati wa ubongo, kuwononga maselo a mitsempha;
- Matenda a Neuroleptics (Aminazine, Haloperidol, Clozapine) - kuthetsa mawu a psychopathic ndi neurotic;
- (Imovan, Buspirone) - kuthetsa nkhawa, kuchepetsa nkhawa;
- mankhwala oponderezedwa (Prozac, Anafanil, Sertralin) - asiye kuzunzidwa, kuopsa kwa mantha.
Chithandizo cha mankhwala a Alzheimer's
Matenda a Alzheimers, mankhwala omwe amachitikira kunyumba omwe amatsatira malinga ndi ndondomeko zomwe adokotala adayankha, sichiletsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono kuti zitheke. Choncho, odwala ambiri angathe kulimbikitsidwa ndalama zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi aziyenda bwino, ubwino wa ubongo, kuwonjezera mphamvu ya thupi:
- tincture wa root ginseng;
- tincture a aralia;
- tincture wa Dioscorean wa ku Caucasus, ndi zina zotero.
Watsopano pochiza matenda a Alzheimer's
Kuchiza kwa matenda a Alzheimer kumayambiriro koyamba ndi chinsinsi cholepheretsa kupita patsogolo kwake ndikulitsa moyo wa wodwalayo. Asayansi akupitirizabe kufunafuna njira zothandizira zothandizira, ndipo imodzi mwazofunika kwambiri panthawi ino ingatchedwe:
- kukhazikitsidwa kwa maselo amadzimadzi;
- kuyambitsidwa kwa nanoparticles yomwe imamanga ndi kuwononga mapuloteni a proteinaceous;
- kugwiritsa ntchito ma antibodies omwe amachititsa chitetezo chotsutsana ndi mapeptidi amyloid.
Kupewa Matenda a Alzheimer
Palibe njira zomwe zingalepheretse amayi ku Alzheimer, koma kutsatira moyo wathanzi kumachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha matendawa. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu ndi izi:
- kudya;
- zochitika zochitika;
- kukana mowa ndi kusuta;
- ntchito zaluntha;
- Kuletsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kulemera kwa thupi.
Mayeso a Matenda a Alzheimer
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mayesero opatsirana amachitidwa, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa dementia komwe kumawonekera pachiyambi. Ambiri mwa iwo akhoza kuchitidwa kunyumba. Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kupempha munthu kuti ayambe kujambula papepalayo pogwiritsa ntchito ola la ola lomwe manja ake amasonyeza nthawi inayake. Pa mavuto omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ubongo amati kusatheka kwa ntchito yolondola ya ntchitoyi, kuganiza kwa zolakwika (kutayidwa kwa dial ndi manambala, zolakwika pamalo a mivi, etc.). Onetsetsani okondedwa anu kuti azisamalira matendawa, ndikuwapatsa ntchito zosavuta.
Nambala yoyesedwa 1 (kuyang'ana kukumbukira ndi kulingalira kosamveka):
- Pakutha mphindi imodzi, lembani maina khumi kuyambira ndi "A" kapena "B".
- Pakangotha mphindi imodzi, funani ziweto khumi.
- Werengani malemba obisika:
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Nambala yachiyeso 2 (kuyang'ana momwe ntchito ya mitsempha yowonjezera ikuyendera):
- Konzani mtsuko wa kirimba bata (fungo lake ndi lodziwika kwa aliyense) ndi wolamulira.
- Nkhaniyi iyenera kutseka maso ndi pakamwa.
- Bweretsani mafuta kumphuno lake lakumanzere mtunda wa masentimita 23.
- Kusuta, kuyesedwa kukuyenera kudziwa chomwe chikugulitsidwa.