Matenda a m'mimba, omwe amatchedwanso "chapamimba" mwa anthu wamba, ndi matenda opatsirana. Zimakhudza onse ana ndi akulu. Otsatirawa nthawi zambiri amadwala mu mawonekedwe ochepa. Matendawa amaphatikizidwa ndi zizindikiro zotchulidwa. Ngati atadziwika, muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo: izi zidzakulitsa msangamsanga.
Kodi chimfine n'chiyani?
Matendawa amawopsa kwambiri. Kawirikawiri ndi ana odwala osakwana zaka zitatu, ndipo pagulu lomwe liri ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka ndi ana omwe amadya chakudya. Malinga ndi chiwerengero, ali ndi zaka 17, anthu 90 mwazi ali ndi ma antibodies kumatumbo a chimfine. Izi zikusonyeza kuti onsewa anadwala matendawa akadali okalamba.
Choopsa kwambiri ndi rotavirus m'mimba mwa mafupa a anthuwa:
- omwe amatenga glucocorticoids kapena mankhwala a cytotoxic;
- odwala;
- HIV;
- amayi pa nthawi ya mimba;
- anthu omwe ziwalo za mkati zidasindikizidwa;
- anthu omwe akudwala matenda opweteka.
Kuwonjezera apo, m'mimba mwa chimfine ndi matenda amene nthawi zambiri amawawombera. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwakukulu m'dera la nyengo ndi kusintha kwa chakudya chosadabwitsa, chitetezo cha mthupi chimakhala chosokoneza. Zotsatira zake, tizilombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitinabweretse m'mimba. Matendawa amachititsanso anthu okalamba, chifukwa pa msinkhu uwu, amachititsa kuti thupi lizikhala ndi thupi loyambitsa matenda a immunodeficiency, ndipo limakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Chifuwa cha m'mimba ndi causative agent
Nthendayi imakwiyitsidwa ndi mawothandila omwe amapangika mwachangu m'maselo a epithelium a kapangidwe ka zakudya. Pazifukwa 90%, matumbo a m'mimba amayamba ndi rotavirus. Choyamba chinapezeka mu zaka za makumi asanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo mu maselo a epithelium a ana, omwe adamwalira chifukwa cha acastroenteritis. Virion ya kachilomboka ikufanana ndi mawonekedwe a gudumu. Mkati mwake muli kamolekisi ya RNA yomwe ili ndi chidziwitso cholowa. Kunja, virion ili ndi mapuloteni ambiri a mapuloteni ndi mapuloteni. Mothandizidwa ndi mavairasiwa amamanga maselo a epithelium a oropharyx ndi matumbo. Kenaka amalowa m'magazi.
Pa otsala 10% a milandu, matumbo a m'mimba amatha kukwiyitsidwa ndi mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya otere:
- salmonella ;
- adenoviruses;
- shigella;
- norovirus;
- E. coli ;
- calicivirus.
Kodi matumbo a m'mimba amatha bwanji?
Pali njira zosiyanasiyana za matenda. Apa ndi momwe rotavirus imasamutsira:
- kupyolera mu manja opanda;
- ndi zakudya ndi madzi owonongeka (kachilombo kamene kamamwalira ngakhale kutentha);
- ndi madontho a saliva;
- ndi nyansi.
Vutoli limagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi zidulo, choncho zimangofika mosavuta ku duodenum. Cholinga chachikulu cha thupi ili la kapangidwe ka zakudya ndikumeneka kwa chakudya ndi kuyamwa kwazing'onozing'ono m'magazi. Mkati mwa mkati mwa matumbo muli ndi villi yomwe ili ndi entocytes. Powonongeka maselowa mkati mwake, kachilombo kameneka kamayambitsa mapuloteni ake. Pambuyo pake, amatumiza chidziwitso cha cholowa (RNA) mpaka pachimake cha selo. Zotsatira zake, izi zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa njira zonse zomwe zikuchitika, komanso m'tsogolomu - kutuluka kwa nembanemba ndi imfa ya enterocyte.
Momwemonso, matenda ndi imfa ya maselo oyandikana nawo amapezeka. Chifukwa chaichi, chakudya chomwe chimalowa m'matumbo chimasiya kugwedezeka mwachibadwa. Kuphatikizanso apo, mu chiwalo ichi cha kapangidwe ka zakudya, ma disaccharides amaunjikira, kukopa mchere ndi madzi. Zosakaniza zonsezi zimachotsedwa mu thupi, zomwe zimayambitsa kutaya madzi m'thupi: munthu amamva kusweka.
Matumbo a m'mimba
Nthawi imeneyi imachokera nthawi yomwe wothandizira alowa m'thupi kuti adziwe zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa. Kawirikawiri amatchedwa nthawi yosalidwa. Rotavirus nthawi yotsakaniza ndi yaifupi: nthawi zambiri imatha maola 24-48. Pambuyo pake, pamakhala gawo lovuta, nthawi yomwe imakhala yosiyana ndi masiku 3 mpaka 7. Gawo lobwezeretsa limatenga masiku 4-5.
Kodi zimakhala zotani m'mimba?
Matendawa amawoneka othandiza kwambiri. Agent ali osagwirizana kwambiri ndi malo akunja, omwe amachititsa kuti zinthu zisinthe. Tizilombo toononga bwino ndi 70% ya mowa wothira mowa. Komanso, mawonekedwe amawonongeka panthawi yotentha. Nazi momwe rotavirus imayendera (ngati sichikuchiza mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda):
- pa khungu la manja - pafupi maola 4;
- kumalo akunja (pazinyamayi, zinthu zapanyumba, mlengalenga) - masabata 2-3.
Zizindikiro za chimfine cha m'mimba
Chithunzi cha kliniki chikhoza kusintha pang'ono malinga ndi siteji ya matendawa. Pa nthawi yoyamba, zizindikiro za rotavirus ndi izi:
- kutentha kwa thupi pamwamba pa 38 °, limodzi ndi zipsera ndi malungo;
- mutu;
- kusowa kwa njala;
- ululu wamimba;
- kusanza;
- mdima wa mkodzo;
- kutsegula m'mimba (mpaka kasanu ndi kawiri pa tsiku);
- kufotokoza kwa zinyenyeswazi, mitsempha ya magazi ikhoza kupezeka mmenemo;
- Kuzunzidwa pammero;
- chifuwa chouma;
- ululu pakumeza.
Patatha masiku angapo, zinthu zikuipiraipira. Panthawi imeneyo adawonjezeranso zizindikiro zotere za rotavirus:
- kupanikizika kumagwa;
- khungu limatuluka;
- kuchepa kwa thupi kumatengedwa;
- kusagwirizana kwa lactose kumachitika.
Rotavirus testay
Pamene zizindikiro zoyamba za m'mimba zimayamba kuonekera, muyenera kufunsa dokotala (makamaka ngati mwanayo akudwala, ali ndi pakati kapena munthu amene ali ndi matenda a immunodeficiency). Choyamba, adokotala amupenda mosamala wodwalayo, ndipo kenako amamupempha kuti ayese kuyesa rotavirus, zomwe zomwe amaphunzira ndizosupa. Zotsatira zabwino zopezeka zimasonyeza kuti matendawa adatsimikiziridwa. Pofuna kufufuza, dokotala akhoza kulangiza kuti ayese mayeso ngati awa:
- magazi - ngati wodwala ali ndi chimfine chamatumbo, zotsatira zake ziwonetsa kuchuluka kwa ma leukocyte;
- mkodzo - ungapeze mapuloteni, hyaline mapulaneti, erythrocytes ndi leukocytes.
Rotavirus - mankhwala
Thandizo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matendawa ndi ofunika. Mpaka pano, palibe mankhwala omwe akulimbana ndi HIV. Pachifukwa ichi, dokotala amapereka mankhwala, poganizira momwe wodwalayo alili. Amadziwa mmene angathandizire rotavirus, kuti matendawa atheke mwamsanga, m'pofunika kuti tizitsatira ndondomeko yake. Chithandizo cha matendawa chiyenera kukhala chokwanira. Zimaphatikizapo malangizo awa:
- kudzipatula kwa wodwalayo komanso kupuma kwa mphasa;
- kubwezeretsedwa kwa mphamvu ya madzi-electrolyte;
- kuthetsa kumwa mowa;
- kulimbikitsa chitetezo ;
- zakudya zothandizira;
- kuthetsa kutupa.
Mankhwala opatsirana m'mimba
Mankhwala amtundu uliwonse akhoza kusiyana, chifukwa amadalira mwachindunji pazochitika za matendawa. Pachifukwa ichi, asanatuluke m'mimba, dokotala amauza wodwala kuti ayambe kufufuza. Kawiri kawiri panthawi ya mankhwala adatumizira mankhwala ngati awa:
- zamatsenga (Enterosgel, Smecta, activated carbon);
- Kukonzekera kwa probiotic (Hilak Forte, Bifiform, Bifidumbacterin Forte);
- zakudya zamakono (Pancreatin, Creon);
- njira zothetsera electrolytes ( Regidron , Trisol, Lactasol);
- antipyretics (Nurofen, Next), koma ngati rotavirus ilibe kutentha mankhwala oterewa saloledwa;
- mankhwala osokoneza bongo (Sinekod, Bromheksin, Bronholitin);
- antispasmodics (Palibe-spa, Spasmalgon);
- immunostimulants (Cycloferon, Kagocel, Cytovir).
Rotavirus - zakudya
Kuti matendawa abwere mwamsanga, wodwala ayenera kudya bwino. Kuchokera pa zakudya muyenera kusiya chakudya chotero:
- mkaka ndi mankhwala opangira mkaka;
- maswiti;
- ufa;
- nyama yochuluka ndi nsomba;
- zosuta;
- chakudya chokazinga;
- Mitundu;
- mowa;
- chakudya chofulumira;
- mbale zokometsera.
Chakudya cha m'mimba chimatanthawuza kupezeka kwa zakudya zotere:
- masamba;
- Mazireji ophikidwa pamadzi (buckwheat, mpunga);
- makeke;
- msuzi wochepa;
- maapulo ophika;
- nthochi;
- chosowa;
- nyama yowakidwa yophika komanso nsomba zonenepa.
Chakudyacho chiyenera kukhala chochepa. Nthawi zambiri chakudya chimene amadya chimakhala kasanu ndi katatu pa tsiku ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono. Muyenera kumwa madzi okwanira awiri pa tsiku. Pochita izi, wokoma wakuda tiyi (osati wolimba), kulowetsedwa kwa rasipiberi, galu kapena currant n'koyenera. Kuwonjezera apo, oats ndi mchenga wa mpunga ndi abwino pa izi: ali olemera kwambiri, choncho amaphimba makoma a m'mimba ndikuwatchinga kuwonongeka.
Kupewa matumbo a m'mimba
Matenda aliwonse ndi osavuta kupewa kusiyana ndi kuchiza. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi chimfine cha m'mimba. Mmodzi mwa othandizira oteteza ndi katemera motsutsana ndi rotavirus. Pali zina zomwe zingathandize kupewa matenda:
- kudzipatula kwa munthu wodwala;
- kumamwa madzi abwino;
- Chakudya chiyenera kukonzedwa kuchokera ku zinthu zatsopano, kuwapatsa mankhwala okwanira;
- kusamba m'manja nthawi zambiri (pambuyo pa msewu, chimbudzi, malo a anthu onse, musanadye chakudya ndi zina zotero);
- Musanatumikire masamba atsopano mchere kwa mphindi 10 mu vinyo wosasa wa 3%, ndiye mutsuke ndi madzi oyera;
- kuyeretsa kwachitsulo nthawi zonse m'chipinda;
- kulimbitsa chitetezo;
- kusiya makhalidwe oipa;
- Kupewa rotavirus m'banja lomwe liri ndi matenda a m'mimba, kumakhala ndi kutayika bwino kwa zinthu zapagulu.