Zaka zaposachedwapa, chiwerengero cha amayi omwe ali ndi khansara ya m'mawere chachuluka padziko lonse lapansi. Kuchokera ku matendawa ndipamwamba kwambiri. Choncho, ndikofunika kuti pali njira zothandiza kuthana ndi chotupacho, popanda zotsatirapo. Kwa nthawi yaitali, njira yokhayo yothetsera khansa ya m'mawere inali yoopsa kwambiri, yomwe imaphatikizapo kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kwa mfupa ndi minofu yozungulira, komanso pafupi ndi maselo ozungulira, monga malo othetsera mavitamini. Kwa amayi, ntchitoyi inali yoopsa kwambiri komanso yowopsya, nthawi zambiri kumamulepheretsa kukhala ndi moyo wamba.
Koma pokonzekera njira zamakono zowunikira ndi chithandizo cha khansa, zinakhala zotheka kuzindikira matendawa msinkhu ndi kusankha njira yowonjezera yothandizira. Ngakhale kuti njira yodziwika kwambiri yolimbana ndi khansara ndi yovuta kwambiri - ndi chiyani, amayi ambiri amadziwa kale. Opaleshoniyi siinali yopweteka kwambiri kwa amayi, ndipo odwala anali ndi mwayi wochotsa khungu la mammary okha, kusunga minofu ya pectoral ndi ma lymph nodes. Malingana ndi izi, mitundu yambiri ya chithandizo cha opaleshoni ya khansa ya m'mawere tsopano ikuwonetsedwa.
Mastectomy kwa Madden
Imeneyi ndi njira yosavuta komanso yowonjezera yakuchotsa bere. Pachifukwa ichi, minofu ya pectoral ndi ma-lymph node amakhalabe. Njira imeneyi yafala kwambiri, chifukwa njira zamakono zogwiritsira ntchito matendawa zingayambitse chitukuko cha khansa pachiyambi. Kuphatikizanso, zovuta zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kupewa. Ndikofunika kwa amayi omwe ali m'dera loopsya. Kuwopsa kwa mastectomy yowononga sizowonongeka kwambiri ndi mastectomy, koma ndizowonjezera, chifukwa kusungidwa kwa minofu ya pectoral kumapangitsa mkazi kukhala ndi moyo womwewo asanakhalepo. Koma njira iyi ya chithandizo imangowonetsedwa kwa odwala ali pachiyambi.
Matenda a Patty
Izi zikutanthauza kuchotsedwa kwa mammary gland, komanso kachilombo kakang'ono ka pectoral. Mitsempha yaikulu ya pectoral ndipo zambiri za fiber zimakhalabe. Izi zimaphatikizidwa ndi lymphadenectomy - kuchotsa mitsempha ya axillary. Kumayambiriro kwa khansa, n'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito luso. Pankhaniyi, sikuti mitsempha yonse yamakono imakondwera, koma imodzi yokha, yomwe ingathe kuwonetsedweratu kuposa zonse. Kufufuzidwa, ndipo ngati palibe zotupa zowoneka, zotsalira zotsalira sizingakhudzidwe.
Mastectomy malinga ndi Halstead
Ntchitoyi imaphatikizapo kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kwa chifuwa, zida zapafupi, ma lymph nodes ndi mashungu a pectoral. Posachedwapa, nthawi zambiri sichimachitika, chifukwa zimayambitsa mavuto ambiri ndipo zimayambitsa kusintha kwa chifuwa ndi kusokonezeka kwa dzanja.
Mastectomy kawiri
Zimaphatikizapo kuchotseratu mapira awiri a mammary. Zimakhulupirira kuti ngati mayi ali ndi chifuwa cha khansa, zikhoza kuti zidzachitika pamtenda wina wa mammary. Kuwonjezera apo, amayi ambiri amasankha mtundu uwu wa vutoli pofuna zifukwa zomveka, kuti zikhale zosavuta kuchita opaleshoni ya pulasitiki.
Kusokoneza maganizo
Nthawi zina, ntchitoyi ndi yotheka. Izi zimathandizira kumanganso khungu kosalekeza, chifukwa khungu limachotsedwa kokha m'chigawo cha mchiuno ndi incision. Koma ndikofunikira kuti tichite izi pokhapokha patatha maphunziro ake. Chifukwa opaleshoni imeneyi ndi yotheka panthawi yomwe metastases sinafike pakhungu.
Ngati mzimayi akudziwitsidwa za chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere ndipo ali ndi chitetezo chake, komanso nthawi zonse amachezera dokotala, saopsezedwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kwa bere. Mtundu wa opaleshoni ukhoza kusankhidwa malingana ndi siteji yomwe matendawa ali.