M'munda wamalonda mulibe zopanda pake: tsogolo la mbewu likudalira momwe mbewuyo iliri, ndi kuchuluka kwa ulimi wothirira, komanso nthawi yomwe fetereza imagwiritsira ntchito. Kugwiritsa bwino ntchito kudyetsa nkhaka pamalo otseguka kumathandiza zomera kukhala ndi ovary mokwanira ndipo zimatsutsa matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
Kukongoletsa pamwamba kwa nkhaka poyera - malamulo
Ponena za feteleza, chikhalidwe cha nkhaka chimadziwonetsera kuti ndifungo lopanda phindu lopanda phindu - sizingasangalatse bwanji mmalo mwa nkhaka zowopsya, "mutants" amatembenukira kumbali zonse kumunda. Choncho, umuna wa mbande ya nkhaka uyenera kuyamba mu gawo la masamba awiri. M'tsogolomu, kukometsera nkhaka ndi zakudya zowonjezera kudzakhala ndi nthawi zinai zinai: masiku khumi mutatha kusamukira kumalo otseguka, mutangoyamba kutuluka peduncles ndi kawiri pa nthawi ya fruiting.
Nkhuka iliyonse ili ndi njira yokha yolakalaka kudyetsa nkhaka pamalo otseguka, kumene nkhaka zimakula ngati yisiti ndipo zimakhala zokoma kwambiri komanso zosasangalatsa. Musasokonezedwe ndikusankha njira yoyenera kuthandizira lamulo losavuta: mtundu wa feteleza molunjika umadalira momwe kutentha kwa chilimwe kunaliri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mizu ya nkhaka mu nyengo yofunda imatha kuyamwa bwino zakudya zonse m'nthaka. M'nyengo yozizira chilimwe kuli koyenera kupatsa foliar pamwamba kuvala kwa nkhaka pamtunda.
Njira iliyonse yodyetsera nkhaka (mizu kapena foliar) sichidzasankhidwa, chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwake ndibwino kusankha nthawi yamadzulo kapena mitambo yotentha. Gwiritsani ntchito feteleza pansi mutamwa madzi ambiri kapena mvula yabwino. Pamene kupopera mbewu kumapamwamba pamwamba pake, onetsetsani kuti yankho limagwa pa masamba ndi madontho abwino mu yunifolomu yosanjikiza. Kutalika kwa nthawi yaitali kumadalira kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe nkhaka zamasamba zimatha. Chinthu chinanso choyipa - chotentha cha mchere, chomwe chimathamanga kwambiri.
Choyamba kuvala kwa nkhaka
Nkhaka mbande bwinobwino anasamukira ku mmera mabokosi kapena miphika kuti lotseguka pansi, anayamba ndipo pang'onopang'ono anayamba kukula. Ndiyeno, mu ulemerero wake wonse pamaso pa wogulitsa masamba, funso limayambira - momwe angadyetse nkhaka pambuyo pofika? Monga tafotokozera kale, feteleza yoyamba imatha masiku 14-15 atapita kumalo otseguka, ndipo chifukwa cha khalidwe lake ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zokhazokha: mullein kulowetsedwa kapena manyowa a nkhuku, oyeretsedwa mu 1:10 chiŵerengero. Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo izi muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri, chifukwa zingawononge mizu yovuta.
Kuwonjezera pa nkhaka pa maluwa
Njira yotsimikizirika yokhala ndi nkhaka ngakhale "imodzi ndi imodzi" ndizovala zazikulu pamaluwa. Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito manyowa obiriwira okonzedwa kuchokera ku udzu watsopano. Kusonkhanitsa mutatha kutchetcha udzu uyenera kudzazidwa ndi madzi omwewo ndipo mulole iwo apereke kwa osachepera sabata. Madziwo amachotsedwa madzi asanu ofunda. Sizomwe zimapangidwira kusowa kwa mchere ndikudyetsa nkhaka pamodzi ndi superphosphate, ammonium ndi potaziyamu nitrate (40 + 30 + 20 g).
Zovala zapamwamba za Foliar za nkhaka kumalo otseguka zimakopa tizilombo zomwe ndizofunika kwambiri kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimathandiza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiziyenda bwino. Pochita izi, mungagwiritse ntchito osakaniza a boric acid (2 g) ndi shuga (100 g), ndikuwatsanulira madzi okwanira 1 litre. Njira ina yowonjezera nkhaka ndikuwawaza ndi yankho la superphosphate (35 g pa chidebe chimodzi cha madzi ofunda).
Kodi kudyetsa nkhaka kumayambiriro kwa kukula?
Mu nthawi ya kukula kwachangu kwa mbewu iliyonse, nayitrogeni ndi yofunikira. Ngati mbande za nkhaka zimakhala zopusa, musafulumizitse kuphuka, funso limabwera: "Kodi mungadyetse bwanji nkhaka zowonjezera?" Feteleza wobiriwira kuphatikizapo yankho la mchere lidzathetsa vutoli. Monga chovala chapamwamba chophimba, njira ya urea ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mankhwalawa ndi owopsa komanso akhoza kuvulaza nkhaka zachikasu. Choncho, pamwamba kuvala kwa nkhaka pamalo otseguka ndi urea ayenera kuchitidwa ndi ofooka kwambiri yankho - osaposa 40 g pa kilo 1 cha madzi.
Kodi kudyetsa nkhaka pa fruiting?
Pofuna kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo pa mapangidwe a ovary ndi kukula kwa zipatso, nkhaka za nkhaka pansi pa zoyera zimachotsa zakudya zonse pansi. Kudyetsa bwino nkhaka pa fruiting kumangobwezeretsanso zinthu zomwe zili m'nthaka, komanso kumatalikitsa nthawi ya fruiting. Kudyetsa nkhaka pamalo otseguka panthawiyi ziyenera kukhala zovuta ndikuphatikizapo organic (kulowetsedwa kwa udzu wobiriwira kapena udzu wochepa wambiri udakonzedwa nthawi zisanu), mchere (1 chikho cha phulusa, 25 g wa potaziyamu nitrate ndi 50 g wa urea pa 10 malita a madzi) mankhwala a foliar (10-12 g urea pa chidebe cha madzi).
Nkhaka zimakula bwino - momwe angadyetse?
Momwe nkhaka zinkakhalira zimafota, zimafota, ndipo mmalo mwa nzimbe zosalala zimakhala zosiyana mosiyana ndi zowonongeka, zimati nthaka imasowa kwambiri. Ndipo kumvetsa mmene kudyetsa mbande ya nkhaka poyera pansi munda wadzithandiza okha nkhaka:
- Nkhumba zazitsulo, zowonjezera m'munsi ndi kupitilira kumchira, zonena za njala ya potaziyamu, yomwe ikhoza kuthetsedwa ndi kupopera mankhwala ndi phulusa kapena potassium phosphate solution;
- zowonongeka pa zimayambira, koma zipatso zofalikira mofulumira, mtundu wowala wa zipatso ndi ululu, wosabala bwino masamba ndi zikwapu zisonyezero za kusowa kwa nayitrogeni, zomwe zidzawonjezeredwa ndi zakudya zowonjezera zakudya;
- Mdima wobiriwira womwe uli ndi masamba ofiira ndi masamba, kumdima ndi umboni wa kufala kwa phosphorous, ndi madontho achikasu pamasamba ndikuwonetsetsa kusowa kwa magnesium, pofuna kuthetsa kuti ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mineral yokonzekera.
Ndi bwino kudyetsa nkhaka?
Zaka zingati munthu ali ndi amzanga ndi chikhalidwe cha nkhaka, mikangano yambiri siimatha, momwe mungadyetse bwino nkhaka pamalo otseguka ndi wowonjezera kutentha. Choyenera, kuvala pamwamba pa nkhaka kapena kusindikizidwa kwa chakudya m'nthaka, feteleza zopangidwa moyenera kapena njira zambiri zachilengedwe - palibe yankho lolondola. Koma mukakulitsa nkhaka pabedi panu, kutali kwambiri ndi mafakitale, sikuyenera kuiwala za chitetezo chawo kwa anthu. Ndipotu, zinthu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa nkhaka pamalo otseguka, mochuluka kapena pang'ono kugwera mu chipatso ndi thupi lathu.
Kuwonjezera pa nkhaka kwa yisiti
Mawu wamba ofukula ngati yisiti ndi owonadi kwa nkhaka zonyansa. Chakudya feteleza kwa nkhaka ndibwino kwambiri kokondweretsa kukula ndi fruiting. Chakudya cha yisiti chimayambitsa ndondomeko ya zinthu zakutchire m'nthaka, zomwe zimathandiza mizu kupeza nthawi zambiri nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu. Kulima feteleza kotero, nkhaka ili bwino polimbana ndi matenda, nyengo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Pokonzekera yisiti feteleza, mungagwiritse ntchito yisiti yamitundu yambiri yamtunduwu ndi mtundu wawo wouma. Chinsinsi chachikulire chodyetsa ndi motere: 5 malita a madzi amatenga 1 kilogalamu yatsopano (briquetted) kapena 5 magalamu a yisiti yowuma, kuwonjezera shuga pang'ono ndikuchoka pamalo otentha kwa tsiku limodzi. Chifukwa cha madziwa amadzipangidwira mu 50 malita a madzi ndipo njira yothetsera imathiriridwa poyera pansi ndi tchire pansi pazu.
Kupaka pamwamba kwa nkhaka ndi phulusa
Phulusa losakanizika pamoto popaka phulusa ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yowononga mbalame ziwiri ndi mwala umodzi: kuyeretsa malo a nthambi zosafunikira ndi kulimbikitsa zomera. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chomera chokha chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga feteleza, koma osati kumanga zipangizo ndi zinyalala zapanyumba. Phulusa la phulusa kapena phulusa limakhala ndi calcium, magnesium, laimu ndi magnesium. Kuwonjezera nkhaka pamalo otseguka ndi phulusa kungateteze ku matenda a fungal ndi tizilombo toononga, kumapangitsa kuti nthaka izipangidwe.
Kodi kudyetsa nkhaka ndi phulusa? Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe owuma ndikukonzekera yankho. Phulusa lopangidwa limapangidwa m'mawa, mpaka mame amatha kapena mvula itangotha. Pofuna kuthetsa yankho, magalamu 100 a zowonjezera amadzipangidwira mu chidebe cha madzi 1, choviikidwa kwa sabata. Chikwapu chomwecho chimasakanizidwa ndi zikwapu za nkhaka, kuyang'ana kugawa kwa yunifolomu pambali pa chomeracho. Chofunika kwambiri ndi feteleza yowonjezera nthawi ya maluwa ndi mazira ovary.
Kuwonjezera pa nkhaka ndi ayodini
Njira imodzi yobzala nkhaka zathanzi ndi ayodini supplementation. Izi zimathandiza kwambiri kukula ndi kupanga mapangidwe a ovary, komanso zimagwira bwino kwambiri ndi mliri waukulu wa makama a nkhaka - kuwonongeka kwakukulu. Pakuti kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, konzekerani mchere njira, Kutha mu 10 malita a madzi 30 madontho a ayodini tincture. Poonjezera zotsatira, yonjezerani mkaka ndi sopo pang'ono pothetsera vutoli. Chofunika kwambiri cha nkhaka chikuchitika mwamsanga mutatha kuika, ndikubwereza tsiku lililonse masiku 15-20.
Mkate wodyetsa nkhaka
Njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo kudyetsa nkhaka m'nthaka ndi feteleza, yophika pa mkate wamba wamba. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga gawo la zowonjezera yisiti, kuwonjezera mikate ya mkate mu chidebe ndi yisiti ya fermenting. Ndipo mukhoza kungoyika mbiya yotsekedwa pa siteti, mudzaze ndi madzi ndi kutaya zinyalala zonse kumeneko. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito thanki mudzadzazidwa ndi madzi oyera. Mwa njira yophweka, zomera zidzapatsidwa feteleza zowonjezera zowonjezera, ndipo palibe chomwe chidzatha mu famu.
Kudyetsa nkhaka ndi boric acid
Boron imatanthawuza zinthu zomwe palibe zomwe sizingatheke kukonzanso, kapena kugwirizanitsa bwino zomera. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa chinthu ichi m'nthaka m'nyengo yonseyi chiyenera kukhala pa msinkhu womwewo. Kupanda boron kumakhudza mtundu wa zomera ndi kuthekera kwawo kubereka zipatso. Kukongoletsa pamwamba kwa nkhaka ndi mankhwala ochiritsira, monga boron, amapereka mkwapu mphamvu kuti ikule mwakuya, kupanga chipatso chamadzi ndi chokoma.
Kukonzekera njira yathanzi ya ma gramu 10 a asidi kusungunuka mu lita imodzi yamadzi ofunda, ndiyeno mubweretse madzi okwanira 10 malita. Chotsaliracho chimasakanizidwa ndi masamba ndi nkhaka za ovary, posankha njirayi m'mawa kwambiri kapena mitambo, osati nthawi yamadzi. Mankhwalawa amapangidwa kawiri pa nyengo: nthawi yoyamba mutabzalidwa pabedi, ndipo chachiwiri panthawi yopanga chipatso.
Kudyetsa nkhaka mkaka
Njira ina, kuposa momwe mungadyetse nkhaka - mkaka. Zakudya zokoma ndi zopatsa thanzi zidzabweretsa phindu lalikulu ndi mabedi a nkhaka:
- zomwe zili mu mkaka wa potaziyamu ndi calcium zidzakhala ngati kukula kwa mbewu;
- Mafilimu amchere, omwe amapangidwa pamwamba pa masamba, adzakhala chotchinga chosatetezeka kwa tizirombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- zakudya ndi lactic acid zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zakutchire m'nthaka.
Pofuna kukonza nkhaka za mkaka pamalo otseguka, lita imodzi ya mkaka iyenera kuchepetsedwa mu malita asanu a madzi ndipo mokoma idatsanulira mbewu iliyonse pansi pazu. Mukhozanso kuyambitsa kupopera mkaka, kulimbitsa mankhwala othandiza omwe amatetezedwa kuti awonjezere madontho 30 a ayodini kuti athetse vutoli. Pankhaniyi, nkhaka idzalandira mlingo woyenera wa potaziyamu ndi calcium, ndi chitetezo ku matenda a fungal.
Kuwonjezera kwa nkhaka mu saltpeter
Nkhaka, feteleza zomwe sizinapangidwe pa nthawi kapena molakwika, sangathe kupanga mbewu zonse. Momwe zinthu zilili mabedi ang'onoang'ono, calcium nitrate ndi weniweni pacecea wa nkhaka. Sikuti imangowonjezera mwamsanga msanga wobiriwira, komanso imalimbitsa chitetezo cha mbeu. Mosiyana ndi ammonium, calcium nitrate ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mosamala, chifukwa imangowononga nkhaka. Foliar pamwamba kuvala kwa nkhaka pamalo otseguka pansi ndi nitrate ikhoza kuchitika masiku khumi, kukonzekera yankho pa mlingo wa 10 magalamu a fetereza pa 5 malita a madzi.