Tsiku la St. Valentine ndilo tchuthi lofala padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo likukondwerera pa February 14th. Amamutcha tsiku la Valentine, koma anthu ambiri sakudziwa, kulemekeza amene mwambo wake unatchulidwa, ndi nkhani yake. Ndipotu, pali mabaibulo ambiri omwe amapereka ndemanga pa mafunso awa.
Kodi Valentine Woyera ndani?
Woyamba wachiroma wa m'zaka za zana lachitatu, amene akuyesa kuti ndiye woyang'anira okondedwa onse, amatchedwa Saint Valentine. M'mbiri ya munthu uyu mulibe chidziwitso chomwe chinayambitsa maonekedwe osiyana okhudza munthu uyu. Pali olemba mbiri omwe amakhulupirira kuti St. Valentine ndi anthu awiri kamodzi. Papa anaphatikiza dzina lake mndandanda wa anthu olemekezeka, omwe ntchito zawo zimadziwika kwa Ambuye.
Kupeza kuti Woyera Woyera ndi ndani, ndizoyenera kudziwa kuti m'mabuku ena wina akhoza kupeza kufotokoza kwa oyera mtima atatu: mmodzi anali wansembe, wachiwiri anali bishopu, ndipo wachitatu akudziwika bwino kwambiri, ndipo akudziwidwa ndi umboni wosatsimikizika, adamwalira muchisoni ku dera la Rome . Kufanana kwina mu nthano zokhudzana ndi Valentine ziwiri zoyambirira zimakankhira anthu ambiri kuganiza kuti iwo anali chifaniziro cha munthu yemweyo.
Saint Valentine - nkhani ya moyo
MuChristian Church Valentine sikuli pa mndandanda wa oyera mtima, womwe uyenera kukumbukiridwa pa liturgies, kotero kukumbukira kwake kumalemekezedwa kokha kumalo ena akumidzi. Mu Tchalitchi cha Orthodox, St. Valentine Interamnsky amakumbukiridwa pa August 12, ndi Rimsky pa July 19.
- Valentin Interamskiy anabadwa mu 176 m'banja la abambo. Ngakhale ali mnyamata iye adatembenukira ku Chikhristu, ndipo mu 1977. adasankhidwa bishopu. Mu 270, pempho la filosofi Kraton, woyera adadza ku Roma ndipo adachiritsa mnyamata yemwe msana wake unali wamtambo kwambiri. Izi zinawatsogolera anthu ena kukhulupirira Mulungu ndi kulandira Chikhristu. Mayiyo anakakamiza Valentine kuti asiye chikhulupiriro chake, koma anakana ndipo anafa imfa yowawa pa February 14, 273.
- Kodi Saint Valentine wa ku Rome yemwe amadziwika ndi wotani? Analandira imfa chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zochiritsa.
Kodi wotchuka wa Valentine ndi wotani?
Kawirikawiri, kuganizira za woyang'anira okondedwa onse, anthu amauza bishopu Valentine, yemwe anabadwira mu mzinda wa Ternia. Pali zambiri zotsutsana zokhudza munthu uyu.
- Pali umboni wakuti woyang'anira St. Valentine wokondedwa, akadali mnyamata, anapereka chithandizo kwa anthu, mwachitsanzo, anawaphunzitsa kusonyeza maganizo awo ndi kukhala osangalala. Anathandizira kulemba makalata ndi kuvomereza, kupangitsa anthu kukhala osangalala ndikupatsanso maluwa ndi mphatso.
- St. Valentine anakwatira amuna ndi akazi, koma, malinga ndi nthano, Mfumu Emperor Julius II sanalole kuti asilikaliwo azikondana ndi kukwatira, koma bishopu anaphwanya lamulo lake.
- Oyera adatumizidwa kundende ndipo kumeneko adayamba kukondana ndi mwana wamkazi wakhungu wakupha yekha ndipo adamuthandiza kuchiritsa. Pali umboni wakuti wakupha yekha anapempha bishopu kupulumutsa mwana wake ku matenda, ndipo adayamba kumukonda ndi mpulumutsi wake. Pitirizani kuphunzira nkhani - ndi ndani St. Valentine, ndiyenera kutchula mfundo yochititsa chidwiyi kuti asanamwalire adalemba cholembera chake ndi signature "Your Valentine". Amakhulupirira kuti kuchokera apa ndi kupita "valentines."
- Tsiku la kuphedwa linaphatikizidwa ndi tchuthi lachiroma pofuna kulemekeza mulungu wamkazi wachikondi Juno. Ku Roma, tsiku lino linkatengedwa kuyamba kwa kasupe.
Kodi Valentine Woyera anali woyera?
Monga tanenera kale, chifukwa cha kusowa kwadzidzidzi, panali mphekesera zosiyana. Iwo akhoza kutengedwa chifukwa chakuti St. Valentine ndi amasiye. Izi zinamveka chifukwa chakuti mfumu Yaikulu Kalaudiyo Wachiŵiri yemweyo inakhazikitsa lamulo kuti amuna aziyenerera kulowa usilikali sangathe kukwatirana, chifukwa izi zidzakhudza kwambiri nkhondo ya nkhondo. Bishopu, yemwe anali wokonda kugonana amuna okhaokha, anaphwanya lamulolo ndipo anaveka korona anyamatawo, omwe anaphedwa nawo.
Chowonadi chokhudza St. Valentine chimasonyeza kuti iye anali kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso kutanthauzira kwa lamulo la mfumu, kungoganiza chabe. Kwenikweni, Kalaudiyo anali wokonzanso amene anapangitsa asilikali achiroma kukhala amphamvu komanso ozolowereka. Ananena kuti asilikari sayenera kukwatira, chifukwa adzaopa kupita kunkhondo, kuti banja lisatayike. Popeza kuti chiyero chachikhristu chodalitsidwa, chifukwa cha ukwati wake chinali chopatulika, ndipo ankachita maukwati kuti akwatirane, choncho funso la yemwe adakonzedweratu ndi St. Valentine sali logwirizana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
Kodi Saint Valentine adafa motani?
Pali matembenuzidwe awiri okhudza imfa ya womvera wa okondedwa onse:
- Malinga ndi buku loyamba komanso lodziwikiratu, wansembeyo anamangidwa chifukwa chothandiza Akhristu komanso kutsogolera ukwati wa achinyamata achikhristu. Pamene Valentine ankafuna kuti Claudius asinthe chikhulupiriro chenicheni, anam'lamula kuti aphedwe. Oyera adakwapulidwa ndi miyala, koma sanamuvulaze mwanjira iliyonse, choncho adasankha kumusokoneza. Palibe tsiku lenileni la kuphedwa, koma pali njira zitatu: 269, 270 ndi 273.
- Palinso njira ina, yokhudza yemwe anapha Valentine. Kotero, anaweruzidwa kuti amange nyumba, ndipo woyang'anira anali woweruza amene anayamba kulankhula ndi wansembe pa nkhani yachipembedzo. Pofuna kuthetsa mkangano, woweruzayo adabweretsa mwana wakhungu ndipo adati adzakwaniritsa chokhumba chilichonse Valentine, ngati atabweranso. Chifukwa chake, Woyera adakwaniritsa zofunikira zake ndipo adalamula kuti woweruza asiyane ndi chikunja ndikuvomereza Chikristu. Pambuyo pake, Valentine anamasulidwa, koma kunali kumangidwa kwina ndipo adatumizidwa kwa mfumu, amene adamuuza kuti aphedwe, malinga ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa mu buku loyambirira. M'mawu amenewa pali tsiku lenileni la imfa - February 14, 269.
St. Valentine mu Chikhristu
Ngati tiganizira chiyambi cha mwambo wokondwerera tsiku la okondedwa onse, ndiye kuti ali ndi miyambo yachikunja, choncho mpingo umakhulupirira kuti holideyi ndi yopanda pake. Kuwonjezera apo, ndizofunikira kuzindikira kuti St. Valentine satchulidwa m'Baibulo komanso m'mabuku ena opatulika kwa Akhristu. Ansembe amatsimikizira kuti chikondi chenicheni cha Ambuye chidzamuthandiza munthu kuti awononge miyambo yonse yogwirizana ndi kulemekezedwa kwa milungu yonyenga. Akatswiri ambiri achipembedzo amakhulupirira kuti Tsiku la Valentine ndilo malonda.
St. Valentine mu Orthodoxy
Mu Tchalitchi cha Orthodox pali maumboni a Valentine oyera atatu: Interam, Aroma ndi Dorostolsky. Zimakhulupirira kuti Orthodox St. Valentine ndi Interamnian, koma ngati muyang'ana izo, nthano zonse zodziwika za munthu uyu zimatengedwa kuchokera ku malemba onse a oyera ndi maina omwewo. Akatswiri a zachipembedzo amanena kuti ndi nthano chabe komanso yongopeka imene wansembeyo anaphwanya lamuloli, anathandiza maanja kukwatirana pamodzi. Mu kalendala ya tchalitchi pa February 14 palibe kutchulidwa kufunikira kolemekeza St. Valentine.
St. Valentine pafupi ndi Akatolika
Izo zatchulidwa kale kuti Tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika chikunena za Valentine atatu, ndipo awiri a iwo, mwinamwake, ali munthu mmodzi. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti chikumbutso cha woyera mtima chinalowetsedwa ndi kukumbukira Saints Cyril ndi Methodius . Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kalendala ya tchalitchi zambiri zoganiziridwa, mwachitsanzo, zinasankhidwa kusonyeza kalendala ya oyera omwe ali ndi tanthauzo lenileni la tchalitchi, ndipo Catholic Saint Valentine alibe ichi. Tikakambirana mwachidule, tikhoza kunena kuti Akatolika sali ndi tchuthi ngati tsiku la okondedwa.
St. Valentine mu Islam
Ziri zoonekeratu kuti palibe munthu wotero wa okonda mu Islam, koma chipembedzo ichi cha chikondi chenicheni ndi mgwirizano chili ndi zolinga zabwino, choncho Asilamu amazindikira maholide omwe amalimbikitsa kukondana kwa anthu omwe amakonda Mulungu ndi wina ndi mnzake. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti wansembe St. Valentine mwiniwake ndi tchuthi mu Islam salandiridwa. Chipembedzo chimati anthu ayenera kufotokozana maganizo awo tsiku ndi tsiku, osati kamodzi pachaka.
Nthano ya Saint Valentine
Kwa zaka zambiri panali nthano zambiri zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi woyera mtima wokondedwa. Nkhani yowonongeka, imene Mfumu Kalaudiyo II ndi St. Valentine adagwirapo, inanenedwa pamwambapa, koma pali nthano zina:
- Imodzi mwa nthano ikufotokoza momwe Valentin anakwatira Mkhristu ndi Kenturiyo wachiroma, omwe anali odwala. Atachita zimenezi, adaphwanya lamulo la mfumu. Zimakhulupirira kuti patapita izi woyera adayamba kutchedwa woyang'anira wokonda.
- Pali nthano yosangalatsa, yomwe imalongosola msonkhano pakati pa Valentine ndi okondedwa awiri omwe anakangana kwambiri. Mwa kufuna kwa wansembe yemwe anali kuzungulira iwo anayamba kuyendayenda nkhunda ziwiri, zomwe zimasangalatsa komanso zathandiza kuiwala za mkangano.
- Mu nkhani ina, akuuzidwa kuti Valentine anali ndi munda waukulu, kumene iye mwini adakula maluwa. Anawalola kuti ana adzidwe m'madera awo ndipo atachoka panyumba, adalandira maluwa kuchokera kwa wansembe. Pamene adagwidwa, adali ndi nkhawa kuti sipadzakhala malo oti anawo aziyenda, koma nkhunda ziwiri zidatulukira kwa iye m'ndendemo, kudzera mmenemo adapereka fungulo kumunda ndi kalata.
Saint Valentine - zochititsa chidwi
Pali zambiri zokhudza munthu uyu, wotchulidwa mu chipembedzo, zomwe anthu ambiri sadziwika.
- Saint amaonedwa ngati woyang'anira njuchi ndi akhunyu.
- Chigaza cha woyera mtima wokondedwa wa okondedwa onse amapezeka ku Rome mu Mpingo wa Namwali Maria. Pomwe moyo wa St. Valentine udatha, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, zolemba zosiyanasiyana ndi zotsalira zinapezeka panthawi yofukula, yomwe inafalikira padziko lonse lapansi.
- Pali lingaliro lakuti holide ya okondedwa inayambidwa ndi wolemba ndakatulo Wachingerezi Chaucer, yemwe adamufotokozera iye mu ndakatulo yakuti "The Parliament Bird Parliament".