Mzinda wa Crimea wa Kerch (dzina lakale - Panticapaeum) uli ndi mbiri yosangalatsa, yomwe ikugwirizana ndi lero.
Kodi mungaone chiyani ku Kerch?
Ngati muli ndi ulendo wopita ku Ukraine kupita kumalo okongola a Azov ndi Black Sea, mumzinda wa Kerch, mumzindawu mumakhala malo okongola kwambiri, omwe amafotokoza zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa kuchokera m'mizinda yakale kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Imperial Mound ku Kerch
Chitsamba cha Tsar chili pafupi ndi mudzi wa Adzhimushkai, womwe uli makilomita asanu kuchokera pakati pa Kerch. Chimakhala ndi mchenga, chipinda chopangira makilomita 4,35 ndi 4.39 mamita ndi dromosa - malo ophatikizapo miyala ya miyala yamchere yomwe imakhala yopita mmwamba. Chitsambacho chili ndi mamita 18, ndipo chigawo chake pamtunda ndi pafupi mamita 250.
Malinga ndi akatswiri a mbiri yakale, kutchulidwa koyamba kwa chilumbacho kungakhale koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 400 BC, pamene Ufumu wa Bosporus unkalamulira. Zimakhulupirira kuti mmodzi wa mamembala a mafumu a Spartoids, Levkon the First, anaikidwa m'manda muno, panthawi yomwe ulamuliro wake unakondwerera bwino chuma.
Mtunda wa Tsar unatsegulidwa mu 1837, pamene kufukula kwa zinthu zakale kunayamba.
Chilondacho chinaphulitsidwa nthawi zonse. Only zidutswa za matabwa sarcophagus anakhalabe kusungidwa.
Mithradates ku Kerch
Malo otchuka kwambiri mumzindawo ndi phiri la Mithridates, komwe kufufuza kwachitika kwa zaka zambiri kale. Pa phirili kwa nthawi yoyamba panali zotsalira za nyumba za mzinda wa Panticapaeum.
Kuti mukwere pamwamba pa phiri muyenera kuthana ndi masitepe aakulu a Mithridates, omwe ali ndi masitepe 423. Masitepe anamangidwa molingana ndi ndondomeko ya womangamanga wa ku Italy komwe kunachokera Digby mu zaka 1833-1840. Chaka ndi chaka pa 8 May madzulo a Tsiku Lopambana Kerchane ndi alendo a mumzindawu akukonzekera kuyendayenda pamakwerero, akukwera ku Mithridates. Ndiwoneka wokongola kwambiri, wofanana ndi mtsinje wamoto wotsika pansi pamapiri a mapiri.
Pano, paphiri pali Obelisk wa Ulemerero, umene unakhazikitsidwa mu 1944. Pafupi ndi Obelisk, Eternal Flame imayaka polemekeza otsutsa a mzinda wa Kerch.
Malinga ndi nthano, mfumu ya Pontic inkakonda kutenga nthawi paphiri, yomwe inayang'ana nyanja kwa nthawi yaitali. Motero dzina "mpando woyamba wa Mithridates".
Nkhono ya Yeni-Kale ku Kerch
Kumphepete mwa Gombe la Kerch, mpanda wa Yeni-Kale ukukwera (potembenuzidwa kuchokera ku Tatar - "New Fortress"), yomwe inamangidwa mu 1703. Makoma ake kuchokera ku phiri amatsikira molunjika mpaka kumapazi a phirilo. Cholinga chachikulu cha nsanja ndicho kutseka kuchoka ku Black Sea kwa zombo za ku Russia ndi Zaporozhye. Malo a linga sanasankhidwe mwadzidzidzi: zinali zotheka kutsegula moto wa mabakita apanyanja pa sitimayo kudutsa, zomwe zinali zovuta kuti ziziyenda pamphepete mwazing'ono.
Mzinda wa Kerch: Mpingo wa Yohane M'batizi
Tchalitchi cha St. John the Forerunner ndicho chokhacho chokhacho chomwe chimakhalapo chokhazikitsidwa cha zomangamanga zakale. Zikuoneka kuti Kachisi anamangidwa m'zaka za zana la 8 ndi 9. Makoma ake ali ndi miyala yamwala yomwe imasintha ndi njerwa zofiira. Mpingo unatchulidwa kuti ukhale mutu wa mutu wa Yohane Wotsogolera ndi Baptist wa Khristu.
Kerch: Mpingo wa St. Luke
Kachisi dzina lake Luka ndi wamng'ono kwambiri m'dera la Kerch. Iyo inakhazikitsidwa mu 2000 mu malo ena okhalamo kuti akhale malo opatulika omwe amaloleza kugwirizanitsa okhulupirira. Kachisi ankatchulidwa ndi St. Luke, bishopu wamkulu wa Crimea Valentin Feliksovich Voino-Yasenesky.
Kachisi, Orthodox Educational Center imagwira ntchito, yomwe Sande sukulu ya ana imatseguka.
Kerch: Melek-Chesma Mound
Kurgan poyamba anapezeka mu 1858. Kutalika kwake ndi mamita asanu ndi atatu, chozungulira ndicho mamita 200. Pakafukufuku, miyala ya miyala, sarcophagus mapiritsi, mbale zofiira, zosala za mwana, chibangili cha ana kuchokera ku mkuwa chinapezeka. Akatswiri a mbiriyakale amanena za kuikidwa m'manda kwa zaka zapakati pa 4-3 BC.
Crypt ndi malo oikidwa m'manda a akuluakulu a kumidzi omwe amakhala pafupi ndi Kerch panthawi ya ulamuliro wa ufumu wa Bosporus. Mtsinjewo umatchedwa kuti Mtsinje-Chesma, womwe umasuliridwa kuchokera ku Turkic amatanthauza "mtsinje wa Tsar".
Mzinda wa Kerch: Golden Mound
Choyamba kutchulidwa kwa chilumbacho chikugwirizana ndi Academician Pallas, yemwe anafufuza za Crimea m'zaka za m'ma 90 za m'ma 1800. Lili pamphepete mwakumadzulo kwa Kerch, mamita zana pamwamba pa nyanja.
Chimanga ndi nyumba yomwe inamangidwa pamwamba pa manda atatu, kumene nthumwi za banja lolemekezeka zinaikidwa m'manda.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi manda a dome, omwe amakhala ndi mamita 18 m'litali. Kumbali iliyonse, dromosa ali ndi madera asanu ndi limodzi. Mosiyana ndi pakhomo la crypt pali niche, ndipo pa khoma pali khoma lakale lomwe linapangidwa ndi mizere 14 ya masewero. Chipinda chokwanira ndi mamita 11 pamwamba.
Kuwonjezera pa zokopa za Kerch zomwe tazitchulazi mukhoza kupita ku mapiri a dothi, Adzhimushkay makoma ndi crypt ya Demeter.