Tangoganizani munthu wamba. Iye, monga aliyense amene ali pafupi naye, ndi munthu wodzaza ndi maonekedwe a dziko komanso makhalidwe ake. Amakumbukiridwa ndi ena ndi chisomo chake chodabwitsa, matenda omwe amakhala ndi chiyembekezo komanso akugonjetsa. Nchifukwa chiyani munthu uyu adalandira kulongosola koteroko? Ena anganene kuti izi ndizo khalidwe lake. Ndipo iwo adzakhala olondola. Ndipo ena anganene kuti zonsezi ndi za khalidwe lake. Ndipo iwo adzakhalanso olondola. Kotero pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa khalidwe ndi chikhalidwe? Tiyeni tiwone ngati mfundo izi zili ndi zofanana.
Makhalidwe ndi khalidwe la munthu
Ubale pakati pa chikhalidwe ndi khalidwe wakhala ukuphunzitsidwa kwa zaka zambiri ndi asayansi osiyanasiyana. Zotsatira zake, panali malingaliro akuluakulu 4 pa mgwirizano wa mfundo ziwirizi:
- Chikhalidwe chimakhala ndi khalidwe.
- Nyengo imatsutsana ndi khalidwe.
- Chikhalidwe chimadziwika ngati chinthu cha khalidwe.
- Chikhalidwe chimayesedwa kukhala khalidwe lalikulu la khalidwe.
Tikaganizira momwe asayansi amamasulira malingaliro, zizindikiro za khalidweli zimakhala zoonekeratu:
Nyenyezi ndizophatikiza zinthu za psyche zomwe zimakhudza khalidwe la munthu ndi ntchito yake. Kukumbukila, kufulumira kuganiza, kuchuluka kwa ndondomeko ndi chigwirizano cha ntchito - chifukwa zonsezi zimagwirizana ndi dongosolo la manjenje la anthu, lomwe limaonedwa kuti ndilofunika kwambiri pakupanga mtundu umodzi wa chikhalidwe. Alipo 4 mwa iwo:
- cholera - kwa anthu a mtundu uwu kuyenda kwa dongosolo la manjenje ndi khalidwe. Anthu oterewa nthawi zambiri amakhala osayenerera. Nthawi yomweyo amakwiya ndipo amakhalanso chete;
- Zamagazi - eni ake amtundu wotere ndi otseguka komanso osangalatsana, koma maganizo awo kwa dziko lapansi ndi ophiphiritsira. Amangokhalira kugwirizanitsidwa ndipo mofulumira amakhala osayanjanitsa ndi chilichonse chomwe chikuwazungulira;
- anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu umenewu wamakhalidwe abwino amapatsidwa dzina labwino kwambiri komanso losasokonezeka. Iwo ali achangu mu ntchito, osasamala ndi osasokonezeka;
- Kusakanikirana - mtundu uwu umaphatikizapo zosavuta komanso zobisika. Nthawi zonse amakhala oopa komanso osakayikira.
Khalidwe - mosiyana ndi chikhalidwe, ndi mndandanda wa mikhalidwe yomwe imawonetsedwa poyerekeza ndi zinthu ndi zinthu za dziko lozungulira. Makhalidwewa amawonetsedwanso ndi ntchito ya psyche, koma mosiyana ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimaperekedwa kwa munthu mwachibadwa, chimapangidwa ndi kusinthidwa m'moyo wonse. Chikhalidwe cha munthu chimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga chikhalidwe, maphunziro, ntchito, ndi zina zotero.
Akatswiri ambiri amaganizo amayesa kupereka mndandanda weniweni kwa khalidwelo. Komabe, kugwirizana pakati pa chikhalidwe ndi khalidwe sikunalole kuti khalidweli likhale loyera, ndipo tsopano mitundu yamtundu monga chikhumbo cholimba, malingaliro ndi maganizo nthawi zonse imagwirizanitsa osati kokha ndi chikoka cha anthu, komanso ndi zochitika zachilengedwe za munthu.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, khalidweli likhoza kusankhidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana:
- Mkhalidwe waumwini (kudzikuza, kunyada, kudzichepetsa);
- malingaliro kwa anthu oyandikana nawo (kulekerera, kunyalanyaza, kuyankha, etc.);
- Maganizo a ntchito (mphamvu, chipiriro, ulesi);
- malingaliro pa zinthu zozungulira (kunjenjemera, kulondola).
Kotero, zizindikiro za khalidwe ndi khalidwe zimaphatikizapo chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka, amatcha makhalidwe omwe munthu amakhala nawo pamaganizo a psyche ndi mosiyana ndi ena, kufotokozera zinthu zomwe zimapezeka pamtundu wa anthu monga dongosolo la manjenje.
Ndipotu, n'zotheka kusiyanitsa mfundo ziwirizi mosavuta. Ubale wa chikhalidwe ndi khalidwe ukhoza kuwonetsedwa motere:
- khalidwe - chikhazikitso cha makhalidwe omwe adapeza, ndi chikhalidwe - congenital;
- chikhalidwe chingasinthe pansi pa chikoka cha moyo, ndipo chikhalidwe sichitha kusintha;
- lingaliro la khalidwe silinathe kuthetsa, kusiyana ndi chikhalidwe;
- khalidwe ndi khalidwe lake palokha lingaganizidwe, ndipo chikhalidwe sichikongoletsa.
Chikhalidwe ndi khalidwe lidzasokonezeka nthawi zonse. Komabe, pamtunduwu iwo amapanga umunthu wofunikira, womwe ukhoza kuyesedwa kuchokera kunja. Ndipo chofunika kwambiri, makhalidwe ake achibadwa amagwirizana nthawi zonse ndi omwe adapeza.