Kufika ku Crimea, ndi bwino kukachezera likulu lakale la Crimea Khanate - mzinda wa Bakhchisaray, womwe uli pakatikati pa Simferopol kupita ku mzinda wa Sevastopol.
Chifukwa cha mbiri yakale yake komanso chikhalidwe chokongola kwambiri, aliyense woyenda adzapeza kuti kuyang'ana kuchokera ku masomphenya a Bakhchisaray ndi malo ake ozungulira.
Malo ambiri osaiwalika ali ku Old Town, omwe ali m'chigwa cha mtsinje wa Churuk-Su. Mu gawo ili la mzinda m'misewu ndi yopapatiza ndi yokhotakhota, nyumba zachikhalidwe za Tatars Crimea zimaima pa iwo. Pano mukhoza kufika pamsewu wa pamsewu nambala 1 ndi nambala 2, yomwe imadutsa pa siteshoni ya sitima komanso sitima ya basi ku Chufut-Kale.
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Nyumba ya Khan
Chodziwika kwambiri ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ku Bakhchisarai Khan Palace ikulowetsa mbiri ya chiyambi cha Crimean Khanate pansi pa olamulira a mzera wa Geraev. Pano, kuyambira m'ma 1600 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 18, moyo wonse wa ndale, wauzimu ndi chikhalidwe unayambira. Nyumba yachifumuyo ndiyo chitsanzo chokha cha zomangamanga za ku Crimea ndi Tatar ndipo zimadziwika ngati chikumbutso cha chikhalidwe cha padziko lonse.
M'mabwalo a nyumba yachifumu mungathe kuona masewera odzipereka ku moyo ndi moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, pali ziwonetsero za zida ndi zojambula, komanso pali masewero ndi masewera. Mwamwayi, nyumba yosungiramo chuma kwambiri siinasungidwe mu umphumphu wake. Ambiri anafunkhidwa pa ntchito ya fascist ndi pambuyo pa kuthamangitsidwa kwa Crimean Tatars. Koma, ngakhale zili choncho, kufotokozera zamakono n'koyenerera. Kuchokera mu 2012, maulendo a Khan Palace amapangidwa masana, madzulo komanso usiku.
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Kufupi ndi Bakhchisaray pali cloister kudula mu thanthwe ndi "mudzi wamapanga" Chufut-Kale .
Malo Osungirako Oyera ku Bakhchisaray
Iyo inakhazikitsidwa nthawizina kumapeto kwa zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi - zaka zoyambirira za m'ma 900 ndi amonke achigriki. Icho chinali pano, pafupi ndi mzinda, kuti chizindikiro chozizwitsa cha Amayi a Mulungu chinawonekera kwa anthu, kotero kachisi anamangidwa mu thanthwe. Iyi ndi nyumba zakale kwambiri ku Crimea kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 15 anakhala likulu la Orthodoxy, ndipo linakhalapo mpaka 1778 pafupi ndi likulu la Crimean Khanate. Patadutsa nthawi yaitali mu 1850, nyumba yosungiramo zidole yotchedwa Assumption Monastery inatsegulidwanso ndipo pang'onopang'ono inakula mipingo 5 ndi nyumba zina zambiri. Chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, mabolsheviks adatsekanso ndipo adawombera. Ndipo mu 1993 nyumba ya amonke inatsegulidwa apa, ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo kachisi akubwezeretsanso.
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Chufut-Kale ku Bakhchisaray
Ngati mukuyenda mumsewu wokongola komanso wamtunda wopita kumalo osungirako amonke, ndiye kuti mudzafika mumzinda wa Chufut-Kale womwe umakhala wotetezedwa kwambiri pakati pa zaka zamakedzana. Zikuoneka kuti m'zaka za m'ma 5 mpaka 6, mzinda umene Alans ankakhala poyamba, ndiye kuti Kypchaks, ndipo kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 1400, Akaraite ndi Krymchaks, adakhalapo mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, pamene anthu omalizira adasiya.
Tsopano mzindawo uli mabwinja, komabe pali malo osungiramo nyumba, mausoleum a mwana wamkazi wa Khan wa Golden Horde Tokhtamysh, mabwinja a mzikiti, malo okhalamo ndi mipingo iwiri ya Karaite, yomwe tsopano ikubwezeretsedwa ndi anthu a Karaite.
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Pakati pa malo osungiramo zinthu zochititsa chidwi ku Bakhchisarai mungathe kuzindikira zatsopano:
- Maluwa ndi malo osungirako zinthu zakale omwe adasankhidwa mu 2011, omwe ali pamsewu wopita ku Chufut-Kale. Nyumba zakale za Devlet-Saray, zomwe kumangidwe kwa mzindawo kunayambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 16. Pano pali manda a Khan Khadzhi-Giray woyamba, ndipo pambali pake pali sukulu yauzimu. Kuwonetseratu kwa nyumba yosungirako zinthu zakale kumatchula zosiyana zenizeni za nthawi za Crimean Khanate: mapu akale, zilembo, zolemba, mipukutu ndi mabuku ofunikira. Pano mukhoza kudziŵana ndi ntchito za masiku ano za ojambula a Crimea. Maulendo oyendayenda amathandizanso.
- Nyumba yosungiramo zisudzo ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale posachedwapa inatsegulidwa ku Bakhchisarai, yomwe idzakuthandizani kuti mudziwe malo otchuka komanso otchuka ku peninsula ya Crimea mu maola angapo: makachisi, nyumba zachifumu, zolemba zakale ndi chikhalidwe. Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa kuti ana azithunzi kujambulidwa ndi ankhondo a matepi omwe amakonda.
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Pafupi ndi mzindawu, ngakhale ku Bakhchisaray palokha, pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa zomwe, pakufika ku Crimea, ndibwino kuyendera: Gasprinsky Museum, Eski-durbe, mumzinda wa Kachi-Kalon, manda a Karaite ndi ena.
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