- Adilesi: Central District, Riga, LV-1050, Latvia;
- Kupeza: 1234;
- Telefoni: +371 67 224 028.
Malinga ndi mbiri ya Old Riga, Church of Lutheran St. John amasiyanitsidwa ndi kalembedwe kachilendo kosazolowereka. Mu zomangidwe zake, zinthu zamtengo wapatali za kumapeto kwa Gothic, mawonekedwe amtengo wapatali omwe amadzikongoletsera ndi ophatikizana, ku Northern Renaissance ndi Mannerism amamveka. Koma chifukwa cha zozizwitsa zosakanizidwa za machitidwe ndi nyengo sizinali kukhazikitsidwa kwa polojekiti yapadera, koma mbiri yovuta ya kachisi, yodzala ndi kutayika, chiwonongeko ndi kuyesayesa kwambiri kubwezeretsa kachisi wakale uyu.
Manda a amonke a Livoniya
Mu 1234 bishopu wa Riga adadzimangira nyumba yatsopano pafupi ndi Dome Cathedral . Anaganiza zopereka okalamba a ku Dominican. Pokhala ndi mphamvu kwambiri panthawiyo, Lamulo la Katolika linalandira malo oti amange kachisi wake. Mpingo watsopano, wotchedwa Yohane Mbatizi, unali wodekha - chipente chaching'ono, nyumba yomanga nyumba imodzi yokhala ndi chipinda chochepetsetsa, mkati mwake chomwe chinali ndi matabwa asanu ndi limodzi ndi maguwa angapo a mbali.
Anthu a m'tawuniyi sankakhala ngati amonke aumphawi omwe anali osowa mtendere m'matope awo aakulu, monga lonse la Livonian Order, kumene iwo anamvera. Kotero, mu mzinda nthawi zambiri panali zithunzithunzi. M'chaka cha 1297, anthu okhala mu Riga omwe adasintha maganizo awo adalowa mu tchalitchi cha St. John, adawononga denga ndipo adayika nsanja kuti adziwononge, ndipo ali pafupi. Koma anthu a ku Dominican Republic sanasiye tchalitchi chawo, anamanganso, ndipo patapita kanthawi anawonjezereka, pogula malo oyandikana nawo. Kenaka mpingo umapeza zinthu zake za Gothic mwa mawonekedwe a zitseko zochepetsetsa zotsatizana ndi kumbuyo kwa makoma akuluakulu a njerwa.
Komabe, kutsutsa kwa anthu a m'matawuni ndi amonke samatsutsa. Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 15, kachisi ndi nyumbayi adayambanso kuukiridwa ndi anthu omwe sankakhudzidwa ndi zigawenga za Riga. Ndipo nthawi ino chigonjetso cha anthu a ku Riga. Patapita zaka zochepa, anthu a mumzindawu anawathamangitsa ku Riga. Icho chinapita ngakhale popanda kupha magazi. Atsogoleri achipembedzo anapita ku ulendo wa Isitala kuzungulira makoma a mzindawo, ndipo nzika za Riga sizinalole kuti iwo abwerere.
Kubwereranso kwa mpingo
Mu 1582, mfumu ya ku Poland inaganiza zolimbitsa udindo wa Tchalitchi cha Katolika. Kuti achite izi, adapititsa tchalitchi cha St. John, ndikuchipereka kwa anthu a Lutheran, mpingo wa Jekaba, womwe adalumikizira mipingo ya Katolika.
Pomaliza, mapemphero anamvekanso m'makoma a mpingo wotopa. Achipembedzowo adakula kwambiri, ndipo funso la kukula kwa kachisi linayamba. Pa kumanga gawo latsopano la guwa ndi kutambasula kwina, zinthu zowonongeka za Mannerism zinagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawiyo.
Kawirikawiri kale Lutheran Church ya St. John inawonongedwa, koma osati kuchokera ku ukali ndi kunyansidwa kwa anthu, koma mwadzidzidzi. Mu 1677, kachisiyu anazunzidwa ndi moto waukulu mumzindawu, ndipo mu 1941 asilikali anayamba kulowa m'tchalitchi. Nthawi iliyonse, kumangidwanso kunayambika, kuwonjezera zojambula zosiyanasiyana zosiyana ndi izi kapena nthawi imeneyo. Chifukwa chake, tchalitchi cha St. John ku Riga chapeza njira yapaderayi ndi yodabwitsa m'njira yake.
Zomwe mungawone?
Kuwonjezera pa zomangamanga zozizwitsa zakunja ndi zokongoletsera zokongola za m'kachisimo, oyendayenda adzakondwera kuona zinthu zachilendo za kapangidwe kake. Amagwirizanitsidwa ndi nkhani zochititsa chidwi ndi nthano, zomwe, mwa njira, zikuphatikiza nambala "2". Izi ndi izi:
- mafano awiri (Solomei ndi Yohane Mbatizi);
- mitu iwiri pamwala wa tchalitchi;
- mtanda wa chikumbutso woperekedwa kwa amonke awiri.
Chifanizo cha Yohane Mbatizi chinakhala chizindikiro cha kukhulupilika, kutseguka ndi kuphweka kwa a Lutheran wamba, pamene chifanizo cha Solomey, chogwira mbale ndi mutu wa Yohane, chikuyimira chinyengo ndi chinyengo cha ulemelero wolemekezeka wa Chikatolika. Chodabwitsa, choipa chinali champhamvu kuposa chabwino, chifaniziro cha John sichikanatha kuwononga nthawi, ndipo mu 1926 chinalowetsedwa ndi kopi. Solomea kale kale zaka zachinayi akuyimira m'malo mwake, atapulumuka masautso onse achilengedwe, mazunzo ndi nkhondo.
Kum'mawa kwakumadzulo kwa tchalitchi cha St. John mungathe kuona masks okhala ndi milomo yotseguka. Pali zigawo ziwiri za cholinga cha mitu imeneyi. Malingana ndi lingaliro loyambirira, iwo anawuza anthu a mumzindawu za chiyambi cha ulaliki kupyolera mwa iwo. Palinso omwe amakhulupirira kuti milomo iyi yamwala idagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa alaliki. Iwo amayenera kuwerengera mapemphero awo kupyolera mwa iwo mokweza kwambiri kuti amvekedwe ngakhale mu msewu Grecinieku.
Nthano ya amonke awiriwa idaperekedwa kwa anthu opanda pake. Anzake a atsogoleri achipembedzo ankafuna kusiya mbiri yawo pambuyo pawo ndikudzimva kuti ngati atakhala moyo wawo wonse pakhoma la kachisi, iwo adzawerengedwa ngati oyera mtima. Iwo ankakhala m'ndende kwa nthawi yaitali, okhala mumzinda ankavala chakudya ndi madzi kwa iwo. Koma pambuyo pa imfa ya amonkewa, palibe yemwe adatenga ntchito yawo yayikulu, ndipo sadaperekedwe nkhope ya oyera mtima, chifukwa sichinali chikhulupiriro choyera chomwe chinasuntha "ofera", koma odzikuza opanda kanthu.
Komanso mu Tchalitchi cha St. John's Lutheran mungathe kuona:
- pepala guwa la XVIII atumwi;
- mpando wa 1846;
- madiresi odabwitsa omwe amapezeka ndi E.Tode;
- Chithunzi cha Y. Rosenthal "Kupachikidwa";
- phiko la mapiko, losiyana ndi mipingo ina osati pa nsanja, koma pamwamba pa khomo lalikulu.
Ndipo mungathe kufika kumsonkhano wa nyimbo zamoyo, zomwe zimapezeka mu mpingo nthawi zambiri. Chiwalochi chinayambira pano mu 1854, koma chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990 chinalowetsedwa ndi chida chatsopano chomwe chinaperekedwa ku tchalitchi cha St. John ndi Udevalle (Sweden) a Lutheran.
Pakhomo la kachisi ndi ufulu, mukhoza kusiya zopereka zaufulu.
Lolemba ndi tsiku lotha.
Kuyambira Lachiwiri mpaka Loweruka, tchalitchi chimatsegulidwa kuyambira 10:00 mpaka 17:00, Lamlungu kuyambira 10:00 mpaka 12:00.
Kodi mungapeze bwanji?
Tchalitchi cha St. John's chili m'dera la Old Riga , ku Jana msewu 7. Mabasi oyandikana nawo amasiya:
- tram nambala 5, 7, 8 (Nacionālā opera);
- Trolleybus No. 8,9 (Rātslaukums).
Kuwonjezera apo mukhoza kuyenda pamapazi, monga gawo lonse la Mzinda wakale uli woyandikana nawo.