Kwa anthu ena, enamel imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyana komanso yopangidwa mosiyana, yomwe ili ndi mawanga, ziboda ndi zolakwika zina. Matendawa amatchedwa fluorosis, ali ndi matenda aakulu. Matendawa amapezeka m'malo okhaokha, choncho amatha kupewa nthawi yake.
Fluorosis - mtundu
Pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amasiyana ndi chizindikiro ndi kuuma kwa maphunzirowo. Mitundu yoyamba itatu ya fluorosis imayenda mosavuta ndipo sichimapangitsa kuti thupi liwonongeke, zina zimapangitsa kuti atayaye pang'ono. Malamulowa akuphatikizapo matenda osiyanasiyana:
- dashed;
- mawonekedwe;
- mellovid-mottled;
- kukonda;
- chiwonongeko.
Dashed form of fluorosis
Mtundu wamakono wa mtunduwu umasiyanitsidwa ndi zosavuta pakali pano, sizikupezeka kawirikawiri kumayambiriro ake. Maonekedwe a fluorosis amadziwika ndi maonekedwe a mano, makamaka apisors apamwamba, ang'onoang'ono a choko. Poyamba amakhala osadziwika, koma potsirizira pake amaphatikizidwira pamalo. Ngati muyang'ana, mungapeze zikwapu zozizira kwambiri. Mankhwala oterewa amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala oyenera nthawi yake. Mtundu uwu wa matenda sungayambitse mavuto ndi kuwonongeka kwa enamel.
Mafuta a fluorosis
Matendawa amaphatikizapo kuoneka ngati kuwala kofiira pamwamba pa mano angapo, makamaka m'mwamba ndi m'munsi. Pang'onopang'ono kufotokozedwa kwa enamel fluorosis ikupita, madontho ang'onoang'ono akuphatikizana wina ndi mzake, kupanga mapangidwe aakulu. Nthawi zina amasintha mtundu wofiira kapena wofiirira kapena wofiirira. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha mtundu wa matendawa - enamel pamalo amtunduwu ndi osalala komanso owala.
Mtundu wamakono wamakono wa fluorosis
Mtundu woterewu umakhala ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana, omwe amawonekeratu kwambiri ndipo amachititsa kuti thupi lisamvetse bwino. Ndikofunikira kuti ayambe kuyambanso kutulutsa fluorosis - mawonekedwe omwe amawoneka mothandizidwa ndi mawonekedwe a mano onse omwe amatchulidwa bwino, a chikasu kapena a bulauni omwe ali ndi matte pamwamba. Popanda chithandizo cham'nthawi yake, enamel ikuwonongedwa. Dental fluorosis nthawi zina zimaphatikizapo kupatulira m'madera ena. Zikuwoneka ngati zosazama za 0.1-0.2 mm mozama ndi m'mimba mwake 1-1.5 mm.
Maonekedwe oopsa a fluorosis
Ndi mtundu uwu wa matenda, enamel imatcha kuti hue wonyezimira kapena wofiirira. Posiyana ndi maonekedwe a pigmentation, malo omwe ali ndi zilema zazikulu amawoneka bwino. Matenda a fluorosis a mawonekedwe omwe akufotokozedwa amachititsa kuti kuphulika kwa kutentha kwakukulu. Ngati simutenga njira iliyonse yamankhwala, enamel imachotsedwa msanga, ndipo kale dentin yawonongeka. Nthawi zina matenda amatha kufa chifukwa cha imfa yaikulu ya mano.
Njira yowononga ya fluorosis
Mtundu wodwala wamtunduwu umaonedwa kuti ndiwovuta kwambiri. Matenda otentha omwe amachititsa kuti phokoso liwonongeke, limapangitsa kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana yambiri ikhale yoyera. Pamwamba pake, nthawi yomweyo anawona chips, kutuluka kwa nthaka, madontho ndi zina zolakwika. Kuwonongeka kwa madzi m'thupi kumayambitsa chiwonongeko cha minofu yawo. Thupi limayesa kubwezeretsa njirayi podzipatula dentin, koma izi si zokwanira. Misozi imakhala yowopsya, nthawi zambiri imatsitsa pansi.
Chifukwa cha fluorosis
Matendawa amayamba kukula ngakhale kutuluka kwa mano osatha . Matendawa amatha kukhudza anthu okhala m'madera omwe ali ndi ma fluoride m'madzi. Matendawa ndi 1 mg / l, okwana 1.5 mg / l. Ngati mwana akugwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi madzi opitirira zaka zitatu zotsatizana, matenda a fluorosis ayamba kale kuwononga mano ake osatha, ngakhale asanakule. Kawirikawiri matendawa amakhudza mkaka enamel.
Munthu wamkulu yemwe wasamukira kudera lomwe lili ndi madzi ambiri okhudzana ndi fluoride samadziwika ndi fluorosis. Kuopsa kwa chiwonongeko chosatha kumakhalapo kokha ngati chiwerengero cha mankhwala otchulidwapo ndi apamwamba kuposa 6 mg / l. Mpata wodwala ndi fluorosis kumadalira mlingo wa fluoride m'madzi. Chiŵerengero cha anthu okhudzidwa m'madera ovuta malinga ndi ndondomeko ya mfundo:
- oposa 1 mg / l - 10-12%;
- 1-1.5 mg / l - 20-30%;
- 1,5-2 mg / l - 30-50%
- oposa 2 mg / l - oposa 50%.
Fluorosis - zizindikiro
Zili zosavuta kuzindikira kuti kuyambira kwa chiwerengero cha matenda akuyamba ngakhale poyamba. Kutentha kwa mano ndi kuuma kwa chithunzi chake cha kuchipatala kumadalira kuopsa kwa matendawa. Zowonongeka kwambiri m'kati mwa mafupa, ndikosavuta kupeza matendawa. Zizindikiro zakunja za fluorosis zikuphatikizapo enamel zolakwika pa symmetrical, makamaka mano anterior:
- mipingo;
- madontho;
- zikwapu;
- kuda;
- kukokoloka kwa nthaka;
- zoweta;
- chips ndi ena.
Masitepe a fluorosis
M'maganizo a mano, matenda omwe ali m'munsiwa amagawidwa m'magulu asanu:
- Kuwala kwambiri. Mawonetseredwe a fluorosis ndi ofunika kwambiri ndipo pafupifupi imperceptible. Mtundu wa enamel uli osasintha.
- Zovuta. Pa mano amodzi, pamakhala mawanga oyera kapena mawanga ochepa. Zonsezi ndizofika pa 25% ya zonsezo.
- Okhazikika. Kukwapula, mawanga ndi zovuta zazing'ono zikuoneka bwino. Malo a korona wa dzino amawonongeka pafupifupi 50%.
- Avereji. Kuphatikiza pa zofooka zoyera (melovid), pali mabala achikasu ndi ofiira, nthawi zina akuluakulu. Chifukwa cha kupopera kwa poizoni ndi kutuluka kwa dentin, kukhudzidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa dzino komanso matenda ena a m'kamwa amapezeka.
- Zovuta. Zoposa 70% zazitsulo za dzino zili kuonongeka. Pigmentation ya enamel imatchulidwa kwambiri, ili ndi mtundu wosasinthika wachikasu kapena wofiirira. Ziphuphu zapang'onopang'ono zimakula mwamsanga ndikusanduka kutuluka kwakukulu. Enamel imachotsedwa ndi kupukutidwa, mano ndi opunduka kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amawonongeka. Ngati fluorosis pa sitejiyi ikupita, mavuto amayamba. Vuto lofala ndikutaya mano ndi kuwononga mafupa a mafupa.
Fluorosis - Kudziwa
Kuti azindikire kuwonongeka kwa enamel pamtundu wa fluoride wambiri mu thupi sangathe kokha madokotala, komanso adokotala ndi wodwala. Chizindikiro cha matendawa ndi kusonkhanitsidwa kwa anamnesis kumathandiza kuwulula mosakayika. Kusiyanasiyana kwa matenda a fluorosis n'kofunika pamene mukuganiza kuti caries mumatope. Kusiyanitsa matendawa ndi ophweka kwambiri ndi zinthu zina.
Fluorosis imakhudza zobvala ndi mazinyo a mano, omwe amadziwika ndi zilembo zambiri za enamel. Amayang'ana malo amodzi ndi malo omwe amapezeka nawo, ndipo amawoneka ngati malo amodzi okhaokha. Mbali ina ya fluorosis - kuonekera mwamsanga pambuyo kutuluka kwa mano okhazikika. Caries amapezeka pamphuno ya m'mawere.
Matenda a mano - mankhwala
Mankhwala owonongeka kwa enamel amapangidwa poganizira mawonekedwe ndi ndondomeko ya njira ya matenda. Ngati zowononga kapena zowonongeka zimapezeka, chithandizochi chimaphatikizapo kubwezeretsa mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa korona mbali ya mano mothandizidwa ndi:
- Zojambula zamatenda ( veneers );
- zida zodzaza katundu;
- Kukonza mapini ndi korona zopangira.
Dothi, lopangidwa ndi mawanga ndi mabala oundana a dzino lawo limaphatikizidwa ndi kusintha kokha mthunzi wa enamel, kawirikawiri pamakhala zovulaza zazing'ono za pamwamba pake. Pofuna kupewa matenda oterowo, pamakhala mavitamini ochepa omwe amapezeka m'madera omwe amawunikira.
Pastes ndi fluorosis
Ukhondo waumwini ndi wofunika kwambiri pa chithandizo cha matendawa. Imodzi mwa njira zothandizira kuchiza matenda a fluorosis ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse mankhwala opangira mankhwala. Zogulitsa zoterezi zisakhale ndi fluoride, ndi zofunika kuti zili ndi calcium yosavuta, yoyera zigawo ndi zinthu zomwe zimalepheretsa chitukuko. Analimbikitsa mankhwala opangira mano opweteka ndi fluorosis:
- Pulezidenti Wapadera. Lili ndi mafinot, lactate ndi calcium glycerophosphate - mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa ndi kubwezeretsa enamel. Ngakhale pamapangidwe pali papain, kukhetsa pulasitiki, ndi xylitol, zomwe zimachepetsa kupangidwe kwake, ndipo zimayambitsa chilengedwe cha acidic m'kamwa.
- SPLAT Maximum, Biocalcium. Onse abusa ali ndi papain ndi polydon, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhocho chichoke koma chosavuta. Calcium imaperekedwa mwa mawonekedwe a hydroxyapatite ndi lactate - mitundu yosavuta ya digestible. Mphamvu ya SPLAT ili ndi mavitamini ambiri, zinc citrate ndi licorice Extract, zomwe zimapereka chithandizo chamkati.
- Asepta. Mu phala palibe chinthu chopanda pake - hydroxyapatite calcium, papain ndi citrate ya potassium. Chogulitsacho chimathandiza kusintha malo a enamel, kulepheretsa kupanga mapangidwe ndi kuchepetsa kutengeka kwa mano.
- ROCS Zopangidwira zowonjezereka ndi calcium glycerophosphate, yomwe imakumba mosavuta ndikuphatikizidwa ku malo oonongeka a enamel. Pofuna kuteteza mapangidwe ndi mapangidwe a caries mu phala, kuphatikizapo bromelain ndi xylitol.
- Peyala Zatsopano. Njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri ya fluorosis. Mu wothandizirani mulibe mavitamini omwe amatsuka ndi kuchotsa zinthu zamataipi, koma pali "kampani yamchere" yamchere - citrate.
Misozi imakhala yoyera ndi fluorosis
Chotsani zofooka zooneka ku enamel pokha ku ofesi ya madokotala. Buluu yamaluso ndi fluorosis imachitika m'njira imodzi:
- Laser. Choyamba, manowa ali ndi gel osakaniza ndi hydrogen peroxide. Kuti asonyeze mtundu wabwino wa enamel, iwo amaunikiridwa ndi mtanda wa laser.
- Ndi mankhwala amatanthauza. Monga operekera mavitamini, amagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a carbamide peroxide ndi hydrogen, inorganic acids (hydrochloric, phosphoric). Mwamsanga mutangotha njirayi, manowa amatchulidwanso ndi calcium gluconate kapena Remodent, chophimba cha lacquer.
- Shlifovkoy. Mzere wosanjikiza wa enamel umachotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito phala lapadera lochokera ku carborundum, hydrochloric acid ndi silicon gel. Pambuyo kupera, korona yopatsidwa mankhwala ili ndi pehydrol ndipo imayimitsidwa ndi nyali ya quartz. Pamapeto pake, kukumbukira kukuchitika.
Pa gawo limodzi la njira zomwe tazilemba, sizidzatheka kuti titsegulire mano. Potsatira maulendo otsogolera kwa madokotala, kukonzekera mwakhama kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha m'malo ovuta kwambiri, koma kuti zitheke, zotsatira za 3-20 zimayenera (ndalama zimadalira mlingo wa fluorosis ndi mtundu wa zolakwika). Chithandizo chochitidwa mobwerezabwereza chiyenera kuchitika pakatha miyezi 6-8, pamene madokotala amawalangiza kutenga mapulogalamu a glycerophosphates ndi calcium mkati, kusunga malamulo a ukhondo.
Kupewa dzino la fluorosis
Njira zothandizira zingakhale zaumwini komanso zogwirizana. Poyamba, kupewa kutuluka kwa fluorosis kumaphatikizapo:
- kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi fluoride (sipinachi, nsomba za m'nyanja, mafuta a zinyama);
- kulamulira ubwino ndi madzi akumwa;
- Kupindulitsa kwa zakudya ndi mavitamini C, D, calcium gluconate;
- kugwiritsa ntchito opangira mano popanda fluoride;
- kugwiritsa ntchito mkaka nthawi zonse.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti tipewe matenda a ana obadwa kumene. Makolo sayenera kuyambitsa msampha, ndizofunika kupewa mkaka wokometsera mkaka. Ndibwino kuti mupereke madzi kuchokera ku mabotolo, kapena m'malo mwake mukhale mkaka, timadziti. Pamene mwanayo akukula, madokotala amalangiza chilimwe kuti amutengere kwa miyezi 2-3 kupita kumalo otetezeka (pogwiritsa ntchito fluoride concentration).
Ntchito zothandizira kuti anthu asamakhale ndi mano otere, akugwira ntchito m'boma lawo. Kupewa kumafuna:
- kusandulika kwa madzi ogwiritsira ntchito;
- kuchepetsa kuchulukitsa kwa fluoride ndi kusefukira kwapadera;
- Kusakaniza madzi kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo, zitsime ndi akasupe).