Zogulitsa za ntchito za bowa, zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu yokamenyana ndi tizilombo tina tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, amatchedwa antibiotics. Chifukwa cha zamoyo zomwe zakhala zikuchitika komanso kusagwirizana ndi anthu, mabakiteriya a beta-lactam amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe akhala njira yoyenera yothandizira matenda.
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a beta-lactam
Mbali yaikulu ya mankhwalawa ndi kukhalapo kwa mphete ya beta-lactam, yomwe imatsimikizira ntchito yawo. Cholinga chachikulu chikupanga kupanga maulumikizano pakati pa tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amayambitsa mapangidwe a kunja, ndi mamolekyu a penicillin ndi ma antibiotic ena. Makhalidwe amphamvu amachititsa kuponderezedwa kwa ntchito za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kutha kwa chitukuko chawo, chomwe chimabweretsa imfa yawo.
Chizindikiro cha mankhwala a beta-lactam
Pali magulu anayi akuluakulu a mankhwala osokoneza bongo:
1. Mankhwala a penicillin , omwe ndi zinthu zogulitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya fungulinium. Malinga ndi chiyambi chawo iwo ndi achilengedwe komanso ochepa. Gulu loyamba ligawidwa mu bicillins ndi benzylpenicillins. Pachiwiri, mankhwala opha tizilombo a beta-lactam amasiyanasiyana:
- Ampicillin, wotchedwa njira yochuluka;
- Oxacillin, Methicillin - mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zotsatira zake zili ndi cholinga chochepa;
- oreidopenicillins, omwe amawonongedwa ndi beta-lactases (Piperacillin, Azlocillin);
- Matenda a penicilla, omwe ali ndi beta-lactamase inhibitors (tazoctam, clavulanic acid), omwe amalepheretsa kuwonongedwa kwa wothandizira ndi mabakiteriya ( Amoxiclav , Unazin, Sulacilin, Augmentin).
2. Cephalosporins yomwe imapangidwa ndi bowa Cephalosporium ndi yotsutsana ndi beta-lactamase kuposa gulu lapitalo. Pali mabakiteriya otchedwa beta-lactam:
- Cephaloridine;
- Chithandizo;
- Cefotaxime ;
- Chofoxytin.
3. Monobactam , kuphatikizapo Azrethon. Mankhwalawa ali ndi magawo ochepa, chifukwa sangathe kulamulira strepto- ndi staphylococci. Choncho, amauzidwa, makamaka motsutsana ndi bowa la gram-negative. Mazira afupipafupi amaperekedwa kawirikawiri ndi madokotala ngati alibe tsankho kwa penicillin.
4. Carbapanemes , omwe oimira ndi Meropenem ndi Impenem, ndi amodzi mwa njira zowonjezera. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa matenda opatsirana, komanso ngati palibe kusintha kwa kumwa mankhwala ena.