Kudwala matendawa, monga kupweteka mtima kwa mtima (OCH), ndi matenda omwe mtima umatayika kugwira ntchito mogwirizana. Izi zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa ntchito ya pamphupi, chifukwa zimayambitsa mpweya wabwino.
Zimayambitsa vuto lalikulu la mtima
Nthawi zambiri vuto lalikulu la mtima limakhala lopweteka. Mu 60 - 70% a milandu, makamaka okalamba, OSS imayamba chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa matenda a mtima a ischemic (myocardial infarction kapena mavuto ake).
Odwala achinyamata, matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha:
- posachedwa;
- kukonza;
- matenda;
- Kusinthasintha kwa mtima (kuchepa kwa mtima);
- aortic stenosis;
- mtima;
- zovuta kwambiri myocarditis.
Kuwonjezera pa zifukwa zazikulu za matenda, otchedwa. Zinthu zomwe sizili ndi mtima zomwe zimathandiza kuti zikule:
- kupweteka kwakukulu;
- impso kulephera;
- chibayo, septicemia ndi matenda ena;
- kuledzera kwa mankhwala;
- kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa;
- mphutsi yamoto;
- pheochromocytoma.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya chiwonetsero chachipatala cha matenda a mtima wolephera:
- OCHOKERA;
- DOS yolondola;
- kusokonezeka kwa mtima.
Zizindikiro za vuto lalikulu la mtima
OOS yokhala ndi zowonjezera, mpweya wa mpweya m'mapapo umasokonezeka kwambiri chifukwa chokhala ndi mpweya wozungulira. Kudandaula kwakukulu ndi:
- mpweya wochepa;
- kukonza;
- kufooka mwadzidzidzi;
- chifuwa.
Munthu yemwe ali ndi OSS amayesa kukhala pansi. Ngati palibe chithandizo chomwe chimaperekedwa, ndipo kupatsirana magazi kumakhala kozungulira pang'ono, chifuwa chokhala ndi mitsempha yamagazi chikhoza kuyamba, ndi kutsekemera kosavuta ndi khungu, khungu limakhala losalala, lozizira komanso lopuma, ndi kupuma.
Pa nkhani ya OCH yolondola ya ventricular, pamene pali zamoyo m'mitsempha (magulu akuluakulu a magazi), zizindikiro zotsatirazi zalembedwa:
- ululu pambuyo pa sternum;
- thukuta lozizira ndi cyanosis khungu;
- Kutupa kwa mitsempha (makamaka pa khosi);
- sasiya magazi;
- kupuma kwafupipafupi;
- kawirikawiri kutuluka ngati ulusi;
- kutupa kwa miyendo, kugwa;
Chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa mtima (imatchedwanso matenda a chiwongola dzanja cha mtima), munthu akhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri kupanikizika (kufika pa zero zoyenera). Wodwala amakhudzidwa, ululu wake ndi ulusi, khungu limatuluka. Pali anuria (palibe mkodzo mu chikhodzodzo). Kenaka, impso kulephera, pulmonary edema imayamba.
Choyamba chothandizira kulephera kwa mtima
Poona kuti DOS ndi nthawi yoopsa yomwe imayambitsa moyo waumunthu, pazizindikiro zoyambirira za kukula kwa matenda, "ambulansi" iyenera kutchedwa. Dziwani kuti popanda kugwiriridwa kwa katswiri wa kulephera ndi kovuta, koma ngati wodwala akumana ndi vutoli si nthawi yoyamba, mwinamwake ali ndi mankhwala a kabinet nitroglycerin, olembedwa ndi dokotala. Zindikirani kuti zimatsutsana ndi kumwa mankhwalawa kapena kuzipereka kwa wina popanda ndondomeko ya dokotala, chifukwa munthu wodwalayo akhoza kusokoneza mosavuta matenda a mtima ngakhale atakhala ndi chizoloŵezi chodziwika bwino, chomwe nitroglycerin imakhala choopsa kwambiri.
Chithandizo choyamba choyamba cha vuto lalikulu la mtima ndikutumiza dokotala ndikupereka wodwalayo mpweya watsopano. Dokotala amatha kupereka mankhwala okhudza diuretics ndi mankhwala a gulu la nitroglycerin (ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi kuli mwachizolowezi ndipo pali OCH zotsalira za ventricular). Ngati mavutowa ndi otsika, perekani dopamine, dobutamine.
Chithandizo cha bwino ventricular kuchepa kwa mtima ndi oxygenation, kuyang'anira analgesics kwa wodwala, prednisolone, diuretics, nitrates, glycosides mtima.
Kusokonezeka kwa mtima kumathandizidwanso ndi oxigenotherapy, adrenaline, norepinephrine, dopamine, antiticoagulants.