Mbiri ya kupanga zakumwa zoledzeretsa zimachokera ku nthawi yamakedzana, zomwe sizingatheke koma zimakhudza mwambo: "Ndipo ndinali kumeneko, ndimamwa uchi", "Kodi adadya chiyani? Kashka. Kodi amamwa chiyani? Braze "ndi zina zotero. Koma vutoli linali lofulumira kwambiri panthawi yomwe imatchedwa perestroika "lamulo louma", pamene mowa unayesedwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi zofalitsa zambiri za anthu: zokambirana, mapepala, maukwati a Komsomol "osakhala moledzeretsa".
Koma anthu athu, monga mwachizolowezi, sangathe popanda moto. Kulandira zakumwa zaukali kwa munthu wina wakale wa Soviet ndi filosofi yonse, kotero kuti sanena za kuwonongeka kwa munthuyo komanso kuledzera kwa mowa. Ndipo, pokhala opanda chithandizo chachikulu (ndi psychotherapeutic) zikutanthawuza, anthu sanataya mitu yawo ndi kubwerera ku chiyambi - kudzipangira okha zakumwa. M'kalasiyi mudapanga zipangizo zopangira nyumba komanso zipangizo zamakono zopangira kunyumba .
Kwa lero, palibe chosowa chachikulu chopanga apanga nyumba kapena vinyo, masitolo a sitolo akungoyamba ndi mabotolo ochulukirapo ndi zilembo zowala - sankhani zokoma zilizonse ndi gawo lililonse la mtengo. Koma miyambo ndi yamoyo ndipo ambiri amachititsa mizimu kukhala yosakhutiritsa zosowa zofunika, koma, motero, chifukwa cha chikondi cha pulojekitiyo, kupereka ntchito yawo kukhala chizoloŵezi chodzikondweretsa.
Kupanga kumwa mowa
Zambiri mwa zakumwazi zimakonzedwa chifukwa cha kumwa mowa, zomwe zimapangidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana:
- kukonzekera zipangizo;
- kupeza mowa mwachindunji;
- kuyeretsedwa ndi kununkhira kwa mowa.
Gawo lomalizira ndilofunika kwambiri, popeza khalidwe ndi chitetezo cha mankhwala omaliza mwachindunji zimadalira pa izo. Kuchotsa zoipitsa zoipa ndi zakunja (ziyenera kudziwika, zosasangalatsa kwambiri) zikuchitidwa mothandizidwa ndi njira zamakina ndi matekinoloje: mankhwala ndi alkali, potaziyamu permanganate, distillation.
Chikhalidwe chofunika cha kumwa mowa ndi mphamvu zake. Ndipotu, ndi mankhwala omwe amamaliza kumwa mowa, komabe zizindikiro zake zimakhudza kwambiri zotsatira za zomaliza - kaya ndi vodka wam'nyumba, mowa kapena kogogo. Fortress, ndiko kuti, chiwerengero cha madigiri mmenemo chiri chosavuta kuyeza nyumba ya mowa mowa - zamagetsi kapena mercury.
Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya alcoholometer
The alcoholometer ndi mtundu wa hydrometer - chida choyesa kuchuluka kwa zakumwa. Zikuwerengedweratu kuti zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mowa-zosakaniza zamadzimadzi, kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso, zowerengeka zochepa zomwe zimawerengedwa. Pomwepo ndikofunika kupanga malo oti spirtometers sali oyenera kuyesa mphamvu ya vinyo - kwa iwo pali zipangizo zamapadera.
Kawirikawiri, alcoholometer ndi yopapatiza galasi ya chubu, yomwe mbali yake ya pansiyi imadzaza ndi mercury, ndipo pamwamba pake ndilokula. Izi zikhoza kukhala chiŵerengero chochulukitsa, koma zipangizo zamakono zalinganizidwa kuti zitha kukhala zosavuta kwa "ogwiritsa ntchito," kuti muthe mwamsanga kuona mtengo wofunika - chiwerengero cha mowa.
Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito bwanji mamita a mowa?
Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha kulungama kwa miyeso ndikutsatira zofunikira zonse za ndondomekoyi:
- kutentha kwa madzi kumakhala 20 ° C. Kumbukirani kuti ngati muwonjezera madzi ku mowa, kutentha kumatuluka ndipo muyenera kuyembekezera mpaka kubwerera ku mtengo wapachiyambi;
- Kusakaniza sikuyenera kukhala ndi zonyansa, kupatula mowa komanso madzi oyera.
Kotero, mu chidebe chaching'ono cha galasi ndi mowa wothandizira imwaniza mercury gawo la chipangizo kapena pulojekiti - pa mulingo wa mowa wa digito ndi kuyembekezera mpaka kayendetsedwe ka chiwerengero kapena kusintha kwa chiwerengero cha kuimitsa kwaima.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chiyero ndi njira yodzitetezera zamakono kuti zikhale zolondola komanso zosavuta ndizopambana kwambiri, komabe, komanso mtengo wake wapamwamba kwambiri.