- Kumalo: 600,000 sq. M. km
- Kutalika pamwamba pa nyanja: 1000 mamita
"Tikukhala ku Zanzibar, ku Kalahari ndi ku Sahara ...". Ndani pakati pathu kuyambira ndili mwana sanawerenge izi? Ndipo ndani angayankhe, chipululu cha Kalahari chiri kuti?
Zili zovuta kupeza chipululu cha Kalahari pa mapu: chili m'madera atatu a ku Afrika - Namibia , South Africa ndi Botswana, omwe amakhala kumwera kwakumadzulo kwa chigawo cha Kalahar. Mzinda wa Kalahari uli m'dera lalikulu kwambiri ku Africa, Kalahari ndilo gawo lachiwiri lalikulu kwambiri, ndipo ndilo gawo lachiwiri la Sahara (poyerekezera: dera la Sahara ndi makilomita 9,065,000 lalikulu, Kalahari ndi 600,000, ndipo malo atatu achilumba chachikulu kwambiri a Namib ndi "100,000". ).
Mfundo zambiri
Nthawi zina mukhoza kupeza deta ina m'chipululu: ziwerengero ndi 930 000 sq. M. km. Komabe, izi si malo a m'chipululu, koma dera la beseni limagwidwa ndi Kalahar Sands, yomwe imatchedwa Mega-Kalahari. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti dera la m'chipululu ndi beseni limakula pang'onopang'ono; Basin, kuphatikizapo Namibia, Botswana ndi Republic of South Africa, ndilo gawo la Angola ndi Zambia.
Nthaka ya Kalahari ili ndi chonde chochepa. Iwo anapangidwa makamaka ndi mchenga wa miyala yamwala. Ndi mtundu wake wobiriwira, womwe umasiyana kwambiri ndi chithunzi cha Kalahari kuchokera ku mafano ena a chipululu, mchengawo ndi chifukwa cha zakutchire zamchere. Ku Kalahari kuli ma depositi a malasha, diamondi ndi mkuwa.
Mzinda wa Kalahari, womwe ndi "likulu" lachidziwitso, ndi Botswana. Mtsinje wa Kalahar, pafupi ndi malire a chipululu chomwecho, ndi likulu la Namibia, mzinda wa Windhoek .
Malo otchuka a Kalahari ku Namibia ndi National Park Kalahari-Gemsbok; ili pakati pa malire a Namibia ndi Botswana.
Nyengo
M'madera osiyanasiyana a Kalahari muli 250 mm (kum'mwera ndi kum'mwera chakumadzulo) mpaka 1000 mm (kumpoto) kwa mphepo pachaka. Ambiri mwa iwo amatha m'chilimwe ngati mvula yamvula; Kawirikawiri izi zimachitika usiku kapena masana, ndipo mvula nthawi zambiri imatsagana ndi mabingu. Kuzindikira ulemerero wonse wa Kalahari kungakhale nyengo yamvula.
Dzuŵa limayima nthawi yamasana kwambiri pamwambapa, ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mitambo pa Kalahari pafupifupi sikuchitika konse. M'nyengo ya chilimwe mphepo imatha kufika 35 ° C kapena kuposa masana, nthaka imayaka kwambiri moti ngakhale ammudzi sangathe kuyenda opanda nsapato pano. Komabe, chifukwa chochepa chinyezi, kutentha kumasamutsidwa mosavuta.
Kutentha kwa usiku ngakhale m'chilimwe kumakhala kochepa kwambiri - kuzungulira + 15 ... + 18 ° С. M'nyengo yozizira, usiku, thermometer imapita mpaka 0 ° C, ndipo imakwera kufika + 20 ° C ndipo imapita masana.
Mitsinje ya Kalahari
Mtsinje wotchuka kwambiri ndi Kalahari - Okavango; Amadziwika kwambiri chifukwa sapita kulikonse: kutalika kwa mtsinjewo ndi 1600 km, yomwe ili m'dera lachinayi ku South Africa kutalika kwake, Okavango imatha kupitirira 95 peresenti ya madzi ake, omwe amatha kutuluka kuchokera pamwamba pake.
Mtsinjewu umatsikira m'mapampu kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Kalahari. Okavango ndi gawo la malire pakati pa Namibia ndi Botswana. Ndipo m'nyengo yamvula, imadzaza madzi ndi Nyanja Ngami. Palinso mitsinje ina ku Kalahari: Nosop, Molopo ndi Avob. Amadzaza madzi panthawi yamvula, ndipo nthawi zina amauma.
Palinso nyanja pano: Mu Makgadikgadi muli nyanja yayikulu ya dzina lomwelo, lomwe ndi nyanja yamchere kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, komanso malo ogona a Soa ndi Ntvetve.
Zomera za m'chipululu
Kwenikweni, Kalahari si chipululu chenichenicho mwachizoloŵezi cha mawu. Ndi malo osungirako zitsamba, zomwe zomera za xeromorphic zimakula. Nazi mitundu yofala:
- ohn;
- antelpy nkhaka;
- crotalia;
- ziziphus;
- gulu;
- chosatha;
- hudiya gordony;
- bwana wa tsitsi loyera;
- mtengo wa abusa.
Malo akuluakulu ali ndi chivwende chotchedwa tsam. Nthawi zambiri amapulumutsa anthu ndi zinyama kumva ludzu.
Nyama za Kalahari
Zinyama za m'chipululu ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi zomera zake. Zinyama "zazikulu" za Kalahari ndizoonadi, mikango. Palinso odyetsa ang'onoang'ono pano: akambuku, nyenga, nkhandwe zaku South Africa. Komanso m'chipululu mumakhala nyama monga:
- ndowe ya marsupial;
- galu louluka;
- zebra;
- buluu;
- girafa;
- mapiri - nyongolotsi ndi jumpers;
- olimba mtima.
Koma ngamila za Kalahari sizipezeka. Koma apa mungathe kuona mbalame zosiyanasiyana, komanso zowomba - njoka ndi abuluzi.
Anthu
M'cipululu muli mafuko angapo. Bushmen Kalahari amakhala ndi kusaka ndi kusonkhana.
Kodi mungatani kuti mufike ku Kalahari?
Sizabwino kupita ku chipululu nokha; Ndi bwino kugula ulendo wokonzeka. Kawirikawiri kumaphatikizapo ulendo osati ku Kalahari, komanso ku chipululu cha Namib.