Kachisi wa Hagia Sophia ku Constantinople (tsopano Istanbul ) anamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 400 AD. Pakatikati pa zaka za XV chifukwa cha kugwidwa kwa mzinda wa Ulaya ndi Ottoman Turks, tchalitchichi chinakhala mzikiti wachisilamu. Mu 1935, Cathedral ya Hagia Sophia ku Istanbul inapeza malo a nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, ndipo mu 1985 idaphatikizidwa ngati malo a UNESCO World Heritage Site monga chophimba chakale.
Hagia Sophia ali kuti?
Chizindikiro chotchuka cha Byzantium chachikulu tsopano chimatchedwa Museum of Aya-Sophia ndipo chiri m'chigawo cha mbiri ya Sultanahmet - m'kati mwakale ku Turkey Istanbul.
Ndani anamanga Hagia Sophia?
Mbiri ya tchalitchi cha St. Sophia inayamba m'gawo loyamba la zaka za zana lachinayi mu ulamuliro wa mfumu ya Roma Constantine Wamkulu - amene anayambitsa likulu la ufumu wa Constantinople. Mu 1380 Mfumu Theodosius I ndinapereka tchalitchi kwa Akhristu a Orthodox ndipo anakhazikitsa Bishopu Wamkulu Gregory wazamulungu. Kawirikawiri tchalitchichi chinawonongedwa chifukwa cha moto ndipo chinawonongeka ndi zivomezi. Mu 1453, Kachisi wa Hagia Sophia adasandulika kukhala mzikiti, minayala zinayi ndi mipando yokhala ndi mipando yomwe inamangidwa moyandikana nayo, ndikusintha maonekedwe ake onse, ndikuphimba nyumba zamatabwa. Pambuyo pake, Hagia Sophia adasindikizidwa ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, anachotsa mapeyala ambirimbiri.
Zomangamanga za Hagia Sophia
Chifukwa cha kukonzanso zambiri ndi kubwezeretsa kuchokera ku nyumba yapachiyambi, palibe kanthu katsalira. Koma kawirikawiri, zomangamanga zapamwambazi zinapanganso zinthu zomwe zimapezeka muzojambula za Byzantine: kuphatikiza kwapadera ndi ulemu. Lero, Hagia Sophia ku Turkey ndi nyumba ya quadrangular yomwe imapanga maaves atatu. Tchalitchichi chimapangidwa ndi dome lalikulu lomwe lili ndi mashimita makumi anayi omwe amathandizidwa ndi mileme yayikulu ya malachite ndi porphyry. Kum'mwamba kwa madimita 40, kuwonjezera, mawindo asanu ali mu niche iliyonse. Mphamvu yapadera ndi mphamvu za makoma, malinga ndi akatswiri, zimaperekedwa chifukwa chakuti masamba a phulusa amachotsedwa pamtunda.
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Malo apamwamba kwambiri ndi kukongoletsa mkati kwa tchalitchi: ma marble achikuda, zojambula zapamwamba zojambula pa golide, zojambulajambula pamakoma, zosonyeza nkhani za Baibulo ndi mbiri, komanso zokongoletsera zokongola. Muzithunzi zojambulajambula nthawi zitatu za chitukukochi zikudziwika bwino, zodziwika ndi zofunikira zogwiritsa ntchito mtundu ndi kupanga fano.
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Zowoneka za kachisi ndizitsulo 8 za jaspi za mtundu wobiriwira, zomwe zimabweretsedwa kamodzi kuchokera ku kachisi wa Artemis ku Efeso , ndi "malo olira" otchuka. Malingana ndi chikhulupiliro, ngati mutakhudza dzenje lomwe liri ndi mkuwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo mumamva kukhalapo kwa chinyezi, ndiye chikhumbo chobisika chidzakwaniritsidwa ndithu.
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Chochitika cha Aya-Sophia ndi kuphatikiza mafano a zizindikiro zachikhristu, Yesu Khristu, Amayi a Mulungu, oyera mtima, aneneri a Chipangano Chakale ndi malemba a Koran, omwe ali pa zikopa zazikulu. Zochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi zolembedwera zopangidwa pamakona a miyala kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Ambiri akale ndi a Scandinavia omwe amathawa, omwe anatsalira ndi Warriors-Varangians ku Middle Ages. Tsopano iwo akuphimbidwa ndi apadera heavy-duty transparent zakuthupi kuteteza zolemba zamakono kuchokera ku erasure.
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M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kampani yaikulu yakhala ikuchitidwa kuti abweretse Hagia Sophia ku Chikhristu cha Orthodox, monga momwe adakonzera poyamba. Akristu m'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi akugwirizana ndi zofuna zobwezeretsa kachisi wakale ku Orthodoxy, kuti okhulupirira akhale ndi mwayi wopemphera mu mpingo.