Tikukuwonetsani mndandanda wa amayi omwe amalavulira pa zovuta, zosokoneza komanso zosadziwika za anthu osadziwika ndikufafaniza dzina lawo m'mbiri ya dziko.
1. Elizabeth Blackwell (1821-1910)
Elizabeth Blackwell, mbadwa ya ku England, anakhala mkazi woyamba kuti adziwe digiri ya Doctor of Medicine ku United States. Elizabeti anayesa kupita ku sukulu zosiyanasiyana zachipatala, koma anakanidwa kulikonse chifukwa cha zifukwa zazimayi. Azimayi panthaŵiyo ankaonedwa kuti ndi amtengo wapatali, komanso kuti angakwanitse kupeza mimba yoyenera kuchotsa mimba. Koma adayesedwa mwamsangamsanga nthawi yomweyo - mtsikanayo adaloledwa ku Geneva Medical College ku New York. Kenaka sanamvetsetse kuti zingakhale zovuta kuti athetse mavuto onse a abambo omwe amagwira ntchito pamodzi ndi a pulofesa wa pulofesa amene amawerenga momwe amachitira. Phunziro pa kubereka, pulofesa adafunsa Elizabeti kuti apume pantchito, akunena kuti zonsezi ndizovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha maganizo ake osabisa. Kuyankha mwatsatanetsatane kwa wophunzirayo kunamulola kuti asangokhala omvera, komanso anasintha malingaliro a ambiri ponena za iye mwini.
Potsirizira pake, kumathamanga pazovuta zonse, Beth anakhala mzamba wotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse.
2. Annie Smith Peck (1850-1935)
Mwinamwake, simungapeze chithunzi chimodzi chomwe chiri bwino chikuwonekera pofigism kuposa chithunzi cha wopeza Annie Smith Peck. Anagonjetsa mapiri onse a ku Ulaya, ndiye South America, komwe 1908 Annie anakhala munthu woyamba kugonjetsa dziko la Peru, phiri la Huascaran, lomwe linamuzindikiritsa padziko lonse lapansi.
Wokongola kwambiri komanso wasayansi wambiri - adalemba mabuku angapo ndipo adayankhula kuzungulira dziko lapansi. Annie anapitiriza kupita kumapiri, ngakhale ali ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu ziwiri.
Ndipo, panjira, iye sanavele chovala, monga zinali zoyenera kwa mkazi wa nthawi imeneyo.
Ndipo anthu ali ngati, "O, Annie ..!" Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga! ".
Koma kodi izo zinali kwa iye?
Kodi, Annie?
Lol. Ayi, si choncho.
3. Mary Lou Williams (1910-1981)
Mary Lou Williams, akuyimiridwa chachitatu kumanzere, adakhala mmodzi mwa oimba ndi ojambula okhudzidwa kwambiri pa nthawi ya jazz. Anayamba kuchita zamaphunziro ali ndi zaka 12, adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusambira ndi kugwirana ntchito, anaimba nyimbo zosiyana siyana ndipo anali ndi zana limodzi pa nthawi zonse.
Ndipo apa pali kachiwiri, osakayimitsa kaye yachiwiri pazinthu zonse zopanda pake.
4. Choonadi cha alendo (1797-1883)
Mzimayi wofuna kuteteza tsankho kwa amayi, Choonadi cha alendo, adakumanapo ndi mawu omveka bwino ndi Harriott Stanton Blatch.
Harriot Stanton Bletch: "Sozhorner, iwe sungakhoze kuwerenga chiyani?"
Choonadi cha Sozhorner: "Inde, wokondedwa, sindimawerenga bwino mawuwa, koma ndimawawerengera bwino anthu."
SODZHORNER.
5. Ada Lovelace (1815-1852)
Ada Lovelace anali katswiri wa masamu (ndipo adakali spender), amadziwika makamaka popanga pulogalamu yoyamba ya pakompyuta. Anagwira ntchito ndi Charles Babbage pa makina a makompyuta amakono, "makina osanthula". Babichi kamodzi anamupempha iye:
"Kuiwala dziko lonse ndi mavuto ake onse ndi zovuta zambiri, mwachidule, chirichonse, kupatula kwa olemba ziwerengero." Chimene, makamaka, amatanthauza:
"Hammer pa chirichonse."
6. Beatrice Potter Webb (1858-1943)
Beatrice Potter Webb anali munthu wokonzanso chikhalidwe, wolemba zachuma ndi wolemba mbiri. Palimodzi ndi mwamuna wake adachita nawo pulojekiti yowonjezera moyo wa anthu osauka, kukhazikitsa malamulo oyambirira pa malipiro ochepa, anapanga phwando la anthu ku UK, adakhala wolemba mabuku ambiri ndipo anakhazikitsanso London School of Economics, osasamala za maganizo a ena.
7. Lillian Bland (1878-1971)
Wolemba nkhani ndi woyendetsa ndege, Lillian Bland, anakhala moyo wambiri. Mu 1910, ku Ireland, adapanga ndege yake. Ndipo zonse zikanakhala bwino, koma zolengedwa zake sizinali ndi mafuta, choncho Lillian anazipanga kuchokera ku botolo lopanda kanthu la whiskey ndi chubu lopanda kanthu la aang'ono ake. Ndegeyi inadutsa madiredi 30 - mtunda wochititsa chidwi ndi miyeso imeneyo.
Mzimayiyu ankakonda masewera, magalimoto, sanasiye kusuta ndudu, ankakonda kuvala mathalauza komanso kupanga malonjezo kumanja ndi kumanzere. Atapuma pantchito, anasamukira ku Cornwall, komwe ankakoka, kusewera njuga ndi kumwa kwambiri, ndipo ndithudi sankasamala za maganizo a ena.
8. Ethel L. Payne (1911-1991)
Ethel L. Payne anali wolemba nkhani wopenga kwambiri, akufufuza yekha, komanso anatsogolera American Movement of Civil Liberties ndi International Relations. Monga membala wa bungwe la White House, nthawi yomweyo adatsutsa Pulezidenti Eisenhower yekha ndi mafunso ake okhudza kuyendayenda kwapakati paulendo, kumukakamiza kuti asanyalanyaze pamisonkhanoyi. Panthawi yonse ya ntchito yake monga mtolankhani, Ethel analemba nkhani zokhudzana ndi zonse zomwe zikuchitika padziko lapansi kwa Chicago Defender, ndipo anakhala mlembi woyamba wa African-American wolemba TV wotchuka wa SIBIES m'ma 1970. Anthu ena osakondwa anadandaula za kukhulupirika kwake panthawi yolankhulana. Mwamwayi, iye sankasamala zazomwezo.
9. Murasaki Shikibu (973-1025)
Murasaki Shikibu anali mayi wa khoti ku khoti lachifumu la ku Japan pa nthawi ya mbiri ya Japan yotchedwa Heian. Amakhulupirira kuti anali mlembi wa buku loyamba m'mbiri ya anthu: "Nkhani ya Genji."
Bambo ake a Murasaki adakondwera ndi malingaliro ake, komabe anadandaula kuti anabadwira mtsikana. Mu diary yake mtsikanayo akulemba kuti: "Ndinaphunzira chinenero cha Chitchaina, kumvetsera maphunziro a bambo anga pakhomo, chifukwa amayi analetsedwa kuphunzira chinenero ichi ...". Komabe, sanasamala za izi.
10. Nellie Bly (1864-1922)
Nelly Bly anali wolemba nkhani wolimba mtima komanso wamphamvu. Nellie sanawope kulemba nkhani zazikulu zokhudzana ndi zandale ndi umphawi. Atangotaya zikalata kuti apite kuchipatala ku New York ndipo analemba nkhani yokhudza kuzunzidwa kwa odwala kuchipatalachi, zomwe zinayambitsa chisokonezo chachikulu pakati pa anthu ndikukakamiza boma kuti lichite zoyenera kuti lipititse patsogolo miyoyo ya odwala. Ochita nsanje anali okondwera ndi ntchito yake, koma Nellie, ndithudi, sanamvere zazing'onozi, zozizwitsa zonse.
Ndipo, panjira, Nelli anapanga ulendo wapadziko lonse kwa masiku 72. Chifukwa chiyani? Inde, chifukwa.
11. Zinga Mbandi Ngola (1583-1663)
Zinga Mbandi, Mfumukazi Ndongo (masiku ano a Angola), anali otchinga kwenikweni. Anayamba kulamulira mu 1624 pambuyo pa imfa ya mchimwene wake Ngola Mbandi ndipo nthawi yomweyo adadziwika padziko lonse kuti ali ndi luso lapadera pa zokambirana, zida za nkhondo ndi chiwonongeko chokwanira. Maluso ake a nkhondo, maulendo, malonda, mgwirizano ndi malingaliro achipembedzo anamuthandiza kuletsa chipolowe cha chiPutukezi.
Zinga, ndiwe mfumukazi yeniyeni.
12. Hedi Lamarr (1914-2000)
Ndi mawu awa omwe amachititsa wojambula zithunzi wa ku Austria (wam'tsogolo wa ku America) Hedi Lamarr, pamene sakusamala. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti nthawi zonse amathira malovu pazinthu zonse, mukhoza kupanga yankho lomveka bwino nokha. Hedi anapanga luso la "kuthamanga maulendo", omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu machitidwe oyankhulana ndi ma torpedoes olamulidwa ndi wailesi pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Pambuyo pake, lusoli linapanga maziko a zopangidwa zamakono monga satana navigation system ndi Wi-Fi. Kuwonjezera pa chirichonse, iye anali nyenyezi ya kanema.
Ndipo bwanji?