Kwa zaka mazana ambiri zipangizo zapakhomo zinkaonedwa ngati zokongoletsera zamkati, osagwira ntchito iliyonse.
Koma pambuyo pake asayansi anatsimikizira kuti zomera m'nyumba zimatha kuchita zozizwitsa osati malo ozungulira, komanso ndi anthu omwe ali m'chipinda chino.
Pakalipano, pali zomera zosiyanasiyana zamkati zomwe zimapangidwira mkati, zimagwirizanitsa mlengalenga ndikudzaza mpweya ndi mpweya. Gwirizanani, musapite patali kwambiri kukakongoletsa nyumba yanu ndi kusangalala nokha ndi ena. Zokwanira kusankha chomera choyenera mkati ndikusangalala ndi chikhalidwe cha chitonthozo ndi kukongola. M'ndandandayi mumasonkhanitsa zipinda zogometsa kwambiri, zosaganizika ndi zokongola, zomwe, ndithudi, zidzakhala gawo lonse la nyumba yanu.
1. Ehmeya ndi mizere
Ehmeya imatengedwa ngati chomera chosatha chomwe sichisamalira mosamala kwambiri. Dzina la chomera, mu Chigriki, limatanthauza "kutha, nsonga," ndipo limagwirizana ndi mapeto ovuta a masamba. Muyeso, ehmya ndi chomera chachikulu chokhala ndi masamba akulu ndi maluwa okongola. Mu mawonekedwe, chomeracho chikufanana ndi chinanazi.
Maluwa a Ehmi ndi ofiira kapena pinki, omwe ali pa bracts wandiweyani. Malo ehmeya amakonda malo owala, opanda malo opanda dzuwa. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa zomwe zili m'chilimwe ndi 20-26 ° C, m'nyengo yozizira - pafupifupi 18 ° C. Ehmya amakonda malo osungunuka, kotero muyenera nthawi zonse kusunga chinyezi, kupopera mbewu ndi kudzaza maluwawo ndi madzi. Pamene mwana wamkazi amawonekera pamidzi ya ehmya, amaikidwa bwino ndikuyembekezera maluwa mu 1-2 zaka. Pali mitundu yambiri ya chipinda cha ehmeya ndipo aliyense wa iwo ali ndi chisomo ndi kukongola kwake.
2. Monster
Monstera, yomasuliridwa kuchokera ku Latin, imatanthauza "zodabwitsa, zodabwitsa." Ngakhale malingana ndi chimodzi mwa nthano zakalekale zomwe zinkayankhula za zomera zazikulu zakupha, monstera amatanthauza "chilombo." Monstera ndi imodzi mwa nyumba zomwe mumazikonda kwambiri zomwe zimapezeka m'nyumba. Monstera ndi chomera chobiriwira chobiriwira cha banja la liana. Maonekedwewo amafanana ndi shrub yaikulu yomwe imakhala ndi masamba akuluakulu, nthawi zina amakhala aakulu kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imapachika mizu ya mpweya yofanana ndi nsalu.
Mwachilengedwe, nyamakazi ndi odzichepetsa ndipo samafuna chisamaliro chapadera. Kutentha kwapadera kwa kukula kwa chilombo ndi 15-20 ° C. Pa kutentha kwakukulu, chilombochi chimakula mofulumira kwambiri.
Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti chilombo chimakonda zipinda zamdima, zomwe sizikhala ndi dzuwa. Ndipotu, chomerachi ndi mthunzi wolekerera komanso wokonda kuwala. Ngati chilombo chatsopano chimakhala chosowa, ndipo mizu ndi yoonda kwambiri, ndiye ichi ndi chizindikiro chodziwika cha kusowa kwauni.
Zambiri mwa chaka, kuyambira kasupe mpaka autumn, chilombochi chiyenera kukhala chonyowa kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira ndikwanira kuyang'anira chinyezi cha nthaka. Kupopera mankhwala nthawi zonse kuchokera ku mfuti. Popeza monstera ndi chomera chachikulu, amafunika kuthandizidwa ndi kuthandizidwa. Mu chilengedwe, chilombo chimamasula mu duwa lalikulu, koma, mwatsoka, mu inflorescence, inflorescence ndizosowa.
Chaka chilichonse chilombocho chiyenera kuikidwa, komanso kubzala mwana wamkazi. Ndi zabwino zonse za mbeuyi, kumbukirani kuti madzi a chilombo amakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhumudwitsa khungu komanso mitsempha, choncho muyenera kuchisamalira.
3. Euphorbia Thirucalli (Kuthamanga Euphorbia)
Euphorbia ndi zomera zokoma komanso kuzungulira dziko lapansi pali mitundu pafupifupi 1500 ya zomera. Euphorbia Tirucalli, kapena mwanjira yina, rabery euphorbia, amafanana ndi ma coral. Kawirikawiri mapeto a mphukira zoonda zimatembenuka pinki, kupanga mgwirizano ndi moto.
Kumtchire, tirukally imamveka ndi inflorescences chikasu. Kunyumba kumafuna kuunika kowala ndi nyengo yofunda. Mwachirengedwe, spurge sikuti imatha kukula mumphika umodzi ndi zina cacti kapena euphorbia. Mphamvu yosangalatsa ya kutentha ndi 20-22 ° C, ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira - pafupifupi 16-18 ° C. Kuthira madzi a milkweed kumachitika kamodzi pa sabata, monga momwe spurge imagwirira bwino ndi mvula ndi chinyezi chochuluka chingayipitse chomeracho. Kusindikiza kwa Tirukalli kumachitika kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri. Amafalitsa kudzera mwa kufalitsa.
Chofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito ndi zomera ndi kukhalapo kwa magolovesi, chifukwa madzi amadzi a moloch amadziwika kuti ndi owopsya ndipo amatha kuwononga mitsempha ya thupi.
4. Gentian-Urn
Chomera chokhala ndi dzina lochititsa chidwi chimachokera kumapiri aatali a Tibet, kumene kumakula pamatope. Gentian-urnchka imaonedwa kuti ndi mitundu yosawerengeka kwambiri ya anthu osamwa. Sichifuna chisamaliro chapadera ndikuchulukitsa bwino kumalo ouma. M'maonekedwe amafanana ndi shrub zokwawa, zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba a quaint rhomboid. Imafuna nyengo yofunda ndi yochepetsera madzi okwanira. Mitundu ya gentian pansi pazifukwa zabwino.
5. Dracena Sander
Mu anthu wamba mbewu ngati imeneyi imatchedwa "maluwa achimwemwe, mwayi ndi chitukuko", choncho muzinthu zambiri zamkati mumatha kuona mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsungwi. Mu mawonekedwe a dracena sander ndi phesi lobiriwira ndi masamba pamwamba kapena kudutsa dera lonse la zimayambira.
Kusamalira nsungwi za mkati sizing'onozing'ono pansi pazimene zinalengedwa bwino. Sander salekerera mwachindunji ultraviolet miyezi, koma amakonda zachilengedwe kuunikira. Kutentha kwapamwamba kwa nsungwi ndi 18-25 ° C. Nsonga za nsungwi sizikusiyana ndi chinyezi, koma pamene fumbi likukhazikika, ayenera kupukutidwa. Mitundu yambiri ya kulima imadalira chilengedwe chimene nsabwe zimakula - madzi kapena nthaka.
Ngati chomeracho chikukula m'madzi, ndiye kuti madzi ayenera kusintha nthawi zonse. Kumbukirani kuti madzi wamba sali oyenerera kutero. Yesetsani kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira. Ngati dracaena ali pansi, ndiye kusamalira nsungwi mosavuta. Nthaka imafuna madzi okwanira okha. Pofalitsa dracaena, amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito cuttings, yomwe ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yobzala mitengo yobiriwira yamaluwa a nsungwi.
6. Tradescantia Rivera
Chomera chodabwitsa, chomwe chimamera nthawi zonse kuthengo ndi m'malo am'chipindamo. Ndiwotchuka chifukwa cha mayina ake akuluakulu - "chomera chamtsinje", "chomera chaching'ono", "inch plant", "kuwombera Willy", "misozi ya mkazi wamasiye", "miseche", "saxifrager". Maina ambiri a chomera adalandira chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake ndi njira ya kukula.
Mtsinje wa Tradescantia umatengedwa ngati chomera chobiriwira chosatha ndipo amadziwika ndi masamba angapo ang'onoang'ono, omwe zimayambira kwambiri moti n'zovuta kupeza chiyambi. Chomera sichifuna kusamala mosamala, choncho ndi mlendo wodzichepetsa m'nyumba iliyonse. Chokhachokha chokha ndikumakalamba mofulumira, kumafuna kusintha kwanthawi zonse.
7. Plattserium
Platitserium ndi mtundu wa fern umene umakula mumalo osadabwitsa. Dzina lina la chomera ichi ndi "nyanga ya reindeer". Maonekedwe ake, masamba a platitserium amawoneka ngati anter. Ndizodabwitsa kuti chomeracho chiri ndi mitundu iwiri ya masamba, omwe amachita ntchito zosiyanasiyana mu moyo wa fern. Choncho, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisakhudze masamba a platitserium, kuti tisawononge chipolopolo cha masamba obiriwira.
M'chipindachi, chomeracho n'chovuta kukula, chifukwa chimakonda nyengo yozizira, choncho ndi yoyenera kukongoletsera maofesi a nyumba kapena verandas. Fern sakonda dzuwa lachindunji ndipo amasankha kuwala. Kutentha kokwanira kwa kulima ndi 20-25 ° C. Musalole kuika pafupi ndi oyimitsira ndi kupyolera mu zipinda. M'chilimwe, fern ayenera kumwa madzi ndi kuwaza kwambiri. Kupalasa mbaleyo kumalimbikitsa ngati pakufunika.
8. Senpia
Senpolia m'madera ambiri amadziwika kuti vampire violet. Dzina lake linaperekedwa ku chomera chifukwa cha kufanana ndi chizoloŵezi cha violet. Senpolia imatengedwa ngati chomera chosatha ndi maluwa okongola a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Malingana ndi chikhalidwe chake, senpolia sitingatchedwe chomera chodzichepetsa, chifukwa chimafuna kuti pakhale zovuta kukonza. Choyamba, izi zimakhudza nthaka, yomwe iyenera kukhala yapadera ndikulola mpweya kupita ku mizu ya maluwa. Kuthirira kwa Umbra violet kuyenera kupangidwa kupyolera mu phala. Kamodzi pa mwezi, amafunika kuthirira mbewuyo mpaka pamwamba mpaka pamtingo woyenera wokwanira. Pakati pa maluwa, sikuvomerezeka kupopera violet, komanso kusungunula tsinde ndi kusamba ndi madzi.
Senpolia amasankha chipinda chowala, koma popanda dzuwa. M'nyengo yozizira, ayenera kupatsidwa chinyezi mwamsanga, chifukwa mpweya wouma umawononga mbewu. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kukula kwa violets ndi 17-24 ° C. Pakati pa mankhwalawa amafunika kutsata mawonekedwe a senpolia ndi kuchotsa masamba ndi zouma zouma nthawi. Kufesa mbewu kumapangidwa pachaka pachaka, kubzala anthu akuluakulu. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, senpolia idzatha kukondweretsa mwiniyo ndi zokongola zokongola za inflorescences.
9. Sago kanjedza
Kuti apange nyanja yodabwitsa yamphepete mwa nyanja, nyumbayo iyenera kugula mtengo wa mtengo wa sago, umene udzakhala woimira bwino pakati pa zomera zonse. Sago palm, kapena Tsikas, amaonedwa ngati chomera chodabwitsa chakale chokhala ndi masamba okongola omwe amakula kuchokera ku thunthu lakuda. Kutchire, Cicas imakula kufika mamita 15 mu msinkhu, panyumba - pafupifupi 50 cm.Kubwera kwakukulu kwa kanjedza ndikumakula mofulumira komanso kumapangidwe.
Tsikas amakonda malo okhala ndi kuunika kokwanira, koma popanda kutenga dzuwa. Mphamvu yabwino ya kutentha ndi: m'chilimwe - 22-26 ° C, m'nyengo yozizira - 12-17 ° C. Mukamwetsa, ndi bwino kuganizira kuti cicada sichimalola chinyezi chokwanira ndipo imakonda kuthirira. Choncho, musanayambe kuthirira ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti dothi lauma mokwanira.
Palma amakonda chinyezi ndipo amafuna kupopera mbewu nthawi zonse. Pothirira ndi kuthirira, chinyezi chiyenera kupezeka pa tsinde la mbeu kuti zisawonongeke mizu. Kuika masamba a zomera izi kamodzi kamodzi mu zaka zisanu. Chitani zochitika zilizonse ndi masitini ayenera kukhala magalasi, monga thunthu la chomeracho liri ndi zinthu zoopsa.
10. Rowley's ragwort
Rowley wader ndi chomera chokongoletsera mkati, chomwe chimadziwika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake oyambirira. Mu mawonekedwe, chomeracho ndi chingwe chochepetsetsa chalitali ndi mikanda. Ndi chifukwa chake ragwort ali ndi dzina lachiwiri - "mndandanda wa ngale". Senecio Rowley akuganiza kuti akuyika miphika yosungidwa, chifukwa kukula kwake kumakhala kochepa. Mu kasupe mbewu limamasula ndi woyera inflorescences.
Malingana ndi chikhalidwe chake, Rowley's wader amafanana ndi zomera zokoma, kotero sizikusowa chisamaliro chapadera. Chomerachi chimakonda kuwala kwachibadwa popanda dzuwa lenileni. Popanda kuwala, zomera zimasintha maonekedwe ake ndi kusungunuka. Kutentha kotengeka: m'chilimwe - 22-25 ° C, m'nyengo yozizira - 10-15 ° С. Kutentha kwapansi kungawononge chomera ndikuchiwononga.
Zofunikira zenizeni za kutentha kwa mpweya senetio Rowley sali, kotero ndikwanira kupopera izo nthawi zina kuchokera ku mfuti. Kuthirira mbewu m'nyengo yofunda iyenera kukhala yochuluka. Kumbukirani kuti ragwort Rowley ndi chakupha, choncho pamene mukugwira naye ntchito, samalani.
11. Hoya
Hoya ndi zokongoletsera sera sera ivy, zomwe zimamera kuthengo kumadera otentha. Maonekedwe, hoya amafanana ndi zipatso zokongola za inflorescences. Pali mitundu yambiri ya hoyi, koma onse samafunikira kusamalira mosamala kunyumba. Chomeracho chimakonda kuunikira kowala, koma sichilola kulekerera kwa ultraviolet. Mphamvu yabwino ya kutentha ndi yofanana: m'chilimwe - 18-19 ° С, m'nyengo yozizira - 10-15 ° С. Kuthirira madzi kuyenera kuchitika pamene dothi limauma kwathunthu, chifukwa zomera sizikonda chinyezi.
Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za hoyi ndi chikondi chake "chosamba", chomwe chiyenera kuchitika kawiri pachaka. M'chilimwe, zomera zimatulutsidwa mfuti. Achinyamata amafalikira kamodzi pachaka. Okalamba ambiri - zaka zitatu zilizonse. Kuberekera kwa hoyi kumachitika ndi cuttings kapena cuttings. Nthambi za zomera zimang'ambika, ndipo inflorescence yotsamba siidulidwe.
12. Echeveria Shavian
Echeveria imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya zomera zosakondera. Kunyumba, imabereka bwino ndipo imakhala yokongola pakati pa zokongoletsera zonse zobiriwira. Dzina lodziŵika kwambiri la echeveria ndi "mwala unanyamuka." Mu maonekedwe, mtundu uwu wa zokoma umakumbutsa maluwa. Masamba a maviviya a shavians, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zofiira zofiira. Maluwa a miyala ndi thermophilic, choncho amasankha kutentha kwapamwamba - 22-28 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kumatha kufika 18-20 ° C.
Kuthirira kwa otenthawa kumakhala koyenera, ndi kuyanika pang'onopang'ono kwa nthaka. Kwa maluwa amwala, zitsamba zamatsamba zimatsutsana, popeza echeveria imakonda mpweya wouma. Choncho, pakuthirira ndiyenera kumvetsera kuti mutenge madzi mudothi la maluwa. Kuunikira kumapangitsa kuti dzuwa lizikhala, ndi mazira a ultraviolet. Achinyamata amafunika kuwuzidwa pachaka, pamene akuluakulu ndi ochepa ngati kuli kofunikira. Ndichisamaliro choyenera eheverii maluwa, kupanga mawonekedwe apadera.
13. Epiphytic zomera
Epiphyte ndi zomera zomwe sizikusowa kubzala pansi ndikukhala pa zomera zina popanda chiphalala. Pali mitundu iwiri ya zomera zotere: ena ali ndi mizu, ndipo ena amafunikira kusamala mosamala. Khalani ndi epiphytes m'miphika yotsimangirira ndi yowona mpweya kapena pamakungwa a matabwa. Kuthirira kwa zomera zoterezi kumachitika mochuluka, ndi zotsatira zopezera chinyezi. Fulitsira epiphyte ndi madzi otentha, monga zomera zimatha kutenga hypothermia.
Kuunikira epiphytes ngati kowala, mopanda malire. Ulamuliro wa kutentha uyenera kusiyana pakati pa 20-22 ° C. Epiphytes sakonda kupatsidwa, choncho ziyenera kuchitika pokhapokha ngati zikufunika kwambiri. Pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha zomera-epiphytes, zomwe zimasiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyana zobereka.
14. Mimosa ndi bashful
Mimosa wamanyazi ndi chomera chobisika cha m'nyumba chomwe chimapangidwira maluwa. Dzina lake losazolowereka la mimosa linali chifukwa cha hypersensitivity ya masamba, omwe amachititsa ngakhale pang'ono kugwira, kuwomba kapena kugwedezeka. Mimosa ndi chomera cha mvula chakale. Masamba a mimosa amawopsya ngati fern ndi maluwa ochepa a globular.
Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti mimosa ndi bashful ali ndi moyo wapadera, pomwe masamba ake amakhala otseguka kapena kubisa. Ngakhale kuti sizingatheke, zomera izi sizikusowa chisamaliro chapadera. Mimosa amakonda kuwala kowala ndipo amayang'ana bwino dzuwa. Masamba ake salekerera utsi ndi drafts. Kutentha kwapamwamba kwa mimosa ndi: m'chilimwe -20-24 ° C, m'nyengo yozizira - 16-18 ° C.
Makamaka ayenera kuperekedwa kwa mvula yowzungulira, popeza mimosa amasankha nyengo yozizira. Pakati pa maluwa, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa tsiku lirilonse, kenako yang'anani mkhalidwe wa nthaka. Iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono. Kawirikawiri, mimosa sichikufalikira, chifukwa chiri chomera cha pachaka.
15. Spathiphyllum
Spathiphyllum amaonedwa kuti ndi maluwa osadzichepetsa. Kwa anthu nthawi zambiri pali mayina "White Sail" kapena "Chimwemwe cha Akazi". Kuwoneka kwa inflorescence kufanana ndi khola lachikasu, lomwe linaphimbidwa mbali imodzi ndi tsamba. Ili ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono a rhizome ndi aakulu. M'chipindachi, spathiphyllum imakonda kuwala kwa mthunzi wopanda dzuwa.
Kuthirira chomeracho kumapangidwa ngati nthaka yosanjikiza yauma. Spathiphyllum imakonda mpweya wa mvula yambiri, kotero imayenera kukhala nthawi zonse sprayed. Kutentha kwapadera ndi: m'chilimwe - 20-25 ° C, m'nyengo yozizira - osati poyerekeza ndi 16 ° С. Ndikofunika kufufuza zojambulajambula, chifukwa m'nyengo yozizira zomera sizikulekerera. Kuika kumayenera kuchitika pachaka kumayambiriro kwa masika ndipo onetsetsani kuti mukulima anthu oposa.
Zimakhulupirira kuti panthawi ya maluwa zomera zimabweretsa mbuye wawo mphamvu ndi chikondi.
16. Havortia
Mbalame yopanda ulemu - yotchedwa haworthia - imatchuka chifukwa cha mtundu wake wodabwitsa komanso mawonekedwe ake. Kuwonekera kaŵirikaŵiri kumafanana ndi nyenyezi kapena nyenyezi ndi mahema ambiri. Chinthu chosiyana ndi chomera ichi ndi kukhalapo kwa nyemba zamtundu woyera pamwamba pa masamba, ndikuwapatsa malo ovuta.
Pakati pa nyumba zamasamba, havortii ikhoza kuonedwa ngati yeniyeni yayitali yaitali, monga ndi kusamalira bwino moyo wawo ukhoza kufika zaka 30. Havortia amakonda kuwala kosalala, koma m'mawa amakonda kukonda dzuwa. Kutheka kwa kutentha kwa kukula kwa zomera ndi: m'chilimwe - 15-27, m'nyengo yozizira - 10-15 ° С. Kuthirira Haworthia kumachitika kamodzi pamlungu mutatha kuyanika kwa pamwamba pa nthaka. Mukamwetsa, ndibwino kuti musapezeke madzi muzu.
Kutentha kwa mpweya kwa haworthia sikuli kofunikira, chotero sikoyenera kupopera mbewu. Mbewu zazing'ono zimaikidwa chaka chilichonse, pamene akuluakulu amafesedwa kamodzi pakatha zaka 2-3. Kuberekera kumachitika ndi kuthandizidwa ndi mphukira, cuttings kapena "ana".
17. Kuyeretsa kwa Morgan
Kuyeretsa (Sedum) Morgana ndi chomera cha gulu la zokongoletsera zokongoletsera. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa mwa anthu wamba amatchedwa "mchira wa bulu", "mchira wa monkey", "squeak", "udzu wa malungo", "hernia" kapena "hare kabichi". Kuyeretsa kwa Morgan kumakhala ndi maluwa, koma izi sizowonekera m'nyumba.
Kunja, chomeracho ndi phesi, chodzaza ndi masamba mwa mawonekedwe a madontho omwe ali ndi sera. Nthambi imayambira kawirikawiri, nthawi zambiri imakhala kunja kwa mphika. Choncho, oyeretsa a Morgan amayenera kukhala miphika ya maluwa.
Makhalidwewa ndi ovuta komanso opanda nzeru. Kuunikira kumakonda kuwala, kutentha ndi dzuwa. Ulamuliro wa kutentha umatha kuyambira 23-30 ° C. M'nyengo yotentha, amasankha mpweya wabwino. Chinyezi cha mlengalenga choyeretsa chiyenera kukhala chokwanira ndi kupopera mbewu nthawi ndi nthawi. Kuthirira kumachitika mwaukhondo, monga dothi limauma.
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pakukula ndi kulenga zinthu zabwino nthawi yonse ya mbeu - kuyambira October mpaka March. Chomeracho chiyenera kukhala mu chipinda chokhala ndi ulamuliro wa kutentha kwa 8-13 ° C ndi nthawi ya madzi okwanira - 1 nthawi masabata awiri. Kuberekera kumachitika ndi kuthandizidwa ndi tsinde kapena tsamba lodulidwa. Kuikapo kumachitika pokhapokha ngati pakufunika.