Chimodzi mwa matenda oopsa kwambiri - matenda a shuga - kuphatikizapo khansa ndi atherosclerosis nthawi zambiri amalephera kudwala komanso imfa. Ndipo lero vuto la shuga ndi lovuta kwambiri: padziko lonse pali matenda okwana 350 miliyoni, koma chiwerengero chenicheni cha milandu ndichokwera kwambiri. Ndipo chaka chilichonse padziko lonse chiwerengero chikuwonjezeka ndi 5-7%. Kuwonjezeka kotereku kwa chiŵerengero cha shuga kumasonyeza mliri wosachilombo umene wayamba.
Chinthu chosiyana ndi matenda a shuga ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Matendawa akhoza kuchitika mwa anyamata komanso okalamba, ndipo sizingatheke kuti amuchiritse. Choloŵa cholowa ndi kulemera kwamtundu wa munthu zimathandiza kwambiri pakuyambika kwa matendawa. Zomwe sizingatheke pakuchitika kwa matendawa zimakhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso wosakhudzidwa.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya shuga:
- Mtundu umodzi - wodalira insulini, insulini siimapangidwa ndi thupi, amavutika nthawi zambiri achinyamata osakwanitsa zaka 30;
- 2 mtundu - insulini-wodziimira, matenda a okalamba.
Ndipo anthu opitirira 85% omwe ali ndi shuga ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 . Mwa anthuwa, insulini imapangidwa m'thupi, choncho, kuyang'ana kudya mwamphamvu, kutsogolera moyo wathanzi, moyo wathanzi, odwala kwa zaka zambiri akhoza kusunga shuga m'magazi. Ndipo, amatanthawuza kuti, amatha kupeŵa mavuto owopsa chifukwa cha shuga. Zimadziwika kuti 50% odwala matenda a shuga amafa chifukwa cha mavuto, makamaka matenda a mtima.
Kwa zaka zambiri, anthu sankadziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito matendawa, ndipo matendawa - shuga - inali chilango cha imfa. Ndipo kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazi, wasayansi wina wa ku Canada, Frederick Bunting, anapanga mahomoni otchedwa insulin: mankhwala omwe angathe kusunga shuga. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, zakhala zotheka kupititsa patsogolo moyo wa anthu ambiri ndi masauzande ambiri omwe ali ndi shuga.
N'chifukwa chiyani tsiku lolimbana ndi matenda a shuga linakhazikitsidwa?
Pofuna kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha shuga padziko lonse lapansi, adasankha kukhazikitsa Tsiku la Matenda a Shuga. Ndipo adasankhidwa kuti azikondwerera tsiku lomwe Frederick Bunting anabadwa, pa November 14.
Bungwe la International Diabetes Federation linayambitsa kayendetsedwe ka anthu ambiri pofuna kuthandiza anthu kuti adziwe zambiri zokhudza matenda a shuga, monga zifukwa, zizindikiro, mavuto komanso njira zothandizira akuluakulu ndi ana. Pambuyo pake, bungwe la UN General Assembly linagwirizana ndi zomwe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga, zinadziwika kuti ndizoopsa kwa anthu onse. Tsiku la shuga la padziko lapansi linapatsidwa chizindikiro chozungulira buluu. Bwaloli limatanthauza thanzi ndi mgwirizano wa anthu onse, ndipo mtundu wake wa buluu ndi mtundu wa thambo, momwe anthu onse padziko lapansi angagwirizane.
Tsiku lachilombo la padziko lonse likukondwerera lero m'mayiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Chaka chilichonse chiwerengero cha mabungwe ndi anthu omwe ali payekha akukula, zomwe zimatsimikiziranso kufunika kolimbana ndi matenda osokoneza bongo.
Tsiku la odwala matenda a shuga amachitika m'malemba osiyanasiyana. Kotero, mutu wa masiku ano mu 2009-2013 unali "shuga: maphunziro ndi kupewa". Pazochitika zomwe zikuchitika lero, ofalitsa akukhudzidwa. Kuphatikiza pa kufalitsa uthenga wokhudzana ndi shuga pakati pa anthu, masemina a sayansi ndi othandiza kwa ogwira ntchito zachipatala akuchitika masiku ano, omwe amanena za njira zatsopano zothandizira odwalawa. Kwa makolo omwe ana awo amadwala ndi matenda a shuga, pamakhala nkhani zomwe akatswiri akutsogolera zokambirana za matendawa, kuthekera kwa kuteteza kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwa matendawa, kupeŵa mavuto, kuyankha mafunso otukuka.