Tinkakonda kuganiza kuti maantibayotiki ndiwo mankhwala oopsa kwambiri, koma palinso mankhwala omwe ali otetezeka kuti athe kupirira matendawa m'njira ziwiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakhala ndi zotsatira zolakwika pa thupi la wodwalayo. Mankhwala awa "oyera" ndi macrolides. Nchiyani chapadera pa iwo?
"Ndani" ali ndi macrodides otero?
Maantibayotiki awa ali ndi makina osiyanasiyana, omwe amatha kumvetsa o, momwe zimakhala zovuta ngati simuli katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo. Koma tiyesera kumvetsetsa. Choncho, gulu la macrolides ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi mphete ya macrocyclic lactone, imene ingakhale nambala zosiyanasiyana za maatomu a mpweya. Malinga ndi ndondomekoyi, mankhwalawa amagawanika kukhala ma macrolide 14 ndi 16 omwe ali ndi ma atomu a carbon. Mankhwala opha majeremusiwa amadziwika ngati magulu a chilengedwe.
Yoyamba inali erythromycin (mu 1952), yomwe ikulemekezedwa ndi madokotala. Pambuyo pake, m'zaka za m'ma 70 ndi za m'ma 80, ma macrolides amakono adapezeka, omwe adatsikira ku bizinesi ndipo adawonetsa zotsatira zabwino pomenyana ndi matenda. Izi zinkakhala zolimbikitsa kuti apitirize kufufuza zamakono, chifukwa chake lero mndandanda wawo uli waukulu kwambiri.
Kodi macrolides amagwira ntchito bwanji?
Zinthuzi zimalowa mu selo ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikusokoneza kaphatikizidwe ka puloteni pa ribosomes. Inde, pambuyo pa kuukira koteroko, matenda opatsirana amapereka. Kuphatikiza pa maantimicrobial, ma antibayotiki amatha kukhala ndi immunomodulatory (kuteteza chitetezo chokwanira) ndi ntchito zotsutsa (koma zochepa).
Mankhwalawa amatsutsidwa bwino ndi mavitamini a gram, positive microbacteria ndi zolemala zina zomwe zimayambitsa pertussis, bronchitis, chibayo, sinusitis ndi matenda ena ambiri. Posachedwapa, anthu akhala akutsutsa (tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo saopa mankhwala opha tizilombo), koma mazira atsopano amatha kugwira ntchito yawo poyerekeza ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kodi macrolides amachitiridwa chiyani?
Zina mwa zizindikiro zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa ndi matenda monga:
- Matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya - diphtheria, chifuwa chowombera, chibayo choopsa, matenda aakulu a bronchitis, matenda aakulu a sinusitis;
- Matenda a tizilombo tofewa, khungu - folliculitis, furunculosis, paronychia;
- matenda opatsirana pogonana - chlamydia, syphilis;
- Matenda a m'kamwa - periostitis, periodontitis.
Komanso mitundu yatsopano ya m'badwo wam'tsogolo imachiza toxoplasmosis, acne (mwamphamvu kwambiri), gastroenteritis, cryptosporidiosis ndi matenda ena omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda. Matenda a antibiotic a gulu lopangidwa ndi mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa prophylaxis - m'matenda a mano, rheumatology, pochita matumbo ambiri.
Zotsutsana ndi zotsatira zake
Mofanana ndi mankhwala onse, macrolide ali ndi mndandanda wa zotsatira zosavomerezeka ndi zotsutsana, koma zindikirani kuti mndandandawu ndi wamng'ono kwambiri kusiyana ndi mankhwala ena opha majeremusi. Mazira amtunduwu amawoneka kuti ndi omwe alibe poizoni ndi otetezeka pakati pa mankhwala ofanana. Koma nthawi zambiri, zotsatirazi sizingatheke:
- mutu, chizungulire, kutaya kwa kumva;
- kunyozetsa, kutsegula m'mimba, kusanza, kusokonekera m'mimba;
- mphutsi, ming'oma.
Kukonzekera kwa gulu la macrooids kumatsutsana:
- amayi omwe ali ndi pakati ndi otukumula;
- ana osapitirira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi (osagwira ntchito);
- Anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi payekha kwa mankhwala.
Powasamalira mankhwalawa ayenera kuchiritsidwa odwala omwe alibe vuto la chiwindi ndi impso.
Kodi macrolides ndi chiyani?
Tilembera macrolides odziwika bwino kwambiri m'badwo watsopano, kudalira mtundu wawo.
- Zachilengedwe: oleandomycin, erythromycin, spiramycin, midecamycin, leucomycin, josamycin.
- Semisynthetic: roxithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, flurithromycin, azithromycin, rookitamycin.
Zinthu izi zimagwira ntchito m'ma antibiotic mankhwala, mayina awo omwe amasiyana ndi mayina a macrolides. Mwachitsanzo, pokonzekera "Azitroks" chinthu chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi macrolide-azithromycin, ndipo mu lotionit "Zinerit" - erythromycin.