Katswiri weniweni amadziwa zomwe akufuna ku kamera. Kujambula zithunzi kumakhala ndi maulendo ambiri - kujambula, zojambula, zofotokozera, kujambula zithunzi, ndipo aliyense wa iwo amafunikira zojambula zake. Koma palinso mfundo zambiri zomwe zimatanthawuza kamera katswiri.
Ndi kamera iti yomwe mukufuna kusankha kujambula?
Pali mitundu yambiri yamagetsi, kuphatikizapo akatswiri. Mitundu ina idalipo zaka 50 zapitazo ndipo inali yosiyana ndi mafano abwino kwambiri, ena adawoneka posachedwa posachedwapa. Kamera iti yomwe akatswiri a kuwombera osankhidwa amadalira zambiri zomwe amakonda wojambula zithunzi.
Kamera yamakina yopanga kujambula
Masiku ano ndiwo mtundu wamba wa makamera odziwa ntchito. Mtundu wa chipangizo choterocho umafufuzidwa ndi nthawi, ndipo zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana zimakupatsani mwayi wosankha zithunzithunzi pa pempho lililonse. Makamera a SLR apamwamba amatchedwa dzina lawo chifukwa cha galasi. Kuwala kumadutsa mu lens lochotseka la kamera, motero ndikofunika kuti disolo likhale lapamwamba kwambiri, osati poyerekeza ndi zipangizo zokha.
Ndi chithandizo cha galasi, tikuwona chithunzi ichi mu kamera ya kanema. Pamene akuwombera, galasi ikukwera, ndipo magulu ambiri a matrix akhoza kutenga kuwala ndikufalitsa uthenga ku purosesa ya kamera, yomwe imasunga ngati fayilo, potero imapanga chithunzi cha digito. Fayilo yomalizidwa imalembedwa ku memori khadi.
Katswiri wa SLR kamera amatha kujambula mafayilo a RAW, omwe amalola wojambula zithunzi kuti asinthe mosavuta kuchuluka kwa kuwala (kutsegula), mzere wa utoto (kuti zizindikiro zikhale zotentha kapena zozizira), zoyera zoyera, kusiyana kwa mthunzi ndi nthawi zina zambiri zofunika ndi chithandizo cha ojambula zithunzi.
Kamera kamakono kakang'ono
Njira imeneyi inaonekera pamsika posachedwapa, koma, malinga ndi ambiri, iyi ndi yabwino kwambiri kujambula kujambula zithunzi. Chinthu chachikulu ndi momwe kamera yamakono yopanda magalasi imasiyana ndi galasi lofotokozedwa pamwambapa - ndiko kusowa kwa galasi lopangidwa. Chojambulira makanema ndidijitola ndipo ali ndi kuthetsa kwakukulu. Khalidwe lajambula la kamera yopanda galasi siloperewera pa galasi, koma chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwake ndi kulemera kwake, chifukwa cha kusakhala kwa galasi ndi kujambulira kanema kanema, njirayi mwamsanga inapeza mafaniziro ake.
Makamera apakompyuta
Zaka zingapo zapitazo zinali zotheka kunena motsimikiza kuti kampeni yabwino ya kujambula ndi filimu SLR kamera. Komabe, kupita patsogolo sikumayima, pakufika kwa zipangizo zatsopano zojambula zithunzi, zitsanzozi zapita kumbuyo. Koma pali mafani akulu aakulu a makamera a retro, omwe amagwiritsabe ntchito makamera okha mafilimu, omwe amadziwika ndi mapulani a mtundu wapadera ndi maonekedwe ofewa.
Chotsatira cha filimu ya SLR filimuyi ndi chimodzimodzi ndi momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, ndi kamodzi kokha kofunika - kudutsa mu lens la lens, chithunzicho sichiwerengedwa osati pamatayi, koma pa filimu yopusa. Ntchito ina ya wojambula zithunzi imapezeka mwachindunji ndi filimuyo - yoyamba imafunika kuwonetsedwa mwapadera, kenaka tumizani zithunzizo ndi digitally kapena mwachindunji pa pepala la chithunzi.
Kamera Yophunzitsa Oyamba
Ngati mukuganiza kuti muyambe kuphunzira kujambula zithunzi, osakhala ndi luso lapamwamba, ndiye kuti, monga ojambula ambiri, musagule mwamsanga makamera apamwamba - ndi okwera mtengo, ndipo simungathe kuzizindikira nthawi yomweyo. Chinthu chabwino kwa ojambula achinyamata ndi kugula kamera yosangalatsa. Zidzakuthandizani kuphunzira zofunikira zogwiritsa ntchito kujambula, kupanga zofunika, ndiyeno kugula katswiri wamakina - ngati choncho, mutakhala ndi mwayi waukulu kuti mudzakhutira ndi njirayi.
Makamera apamwamba a videographer
Ngati ojambula mafilimu oyambirira ankakakamizidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito makamera okha, ndiye kuti izi zitha kukhala m'magalasi ambiri ojambula ndi magalasi. Kodi mukudziwa kuti mafilimu ndi mafilimu ambiri anawombera ndi makamera - mwachitsanzo, ena a "House of Haus" okondedwa omwe adawombera pa Canon EOS 5D Mark II, nthawi zambiri za "Avatar" yotchuka kwambiri anawombera pa kamera yomweyo.
Kodi n'chiyani chimapanga videographers, kuphatikizapo akatswiri apamwamba kwambiri, kusiya khalidwe lawo pa makamera? Choyamba, ili ndi mtengo. Kamera yamagetsi si yotchipa, koma nthawi zina ndi yotchipa kusiyana ndi makamera a kanema. Chachiwiri, mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo zamakono zosajambula zimakhala zophweka kupanga zotsatira zosangalatsa za vidiyo zomwe sizingatheke kwa makamera a kanema - kukula kwakukulu kwa munda, kusintha kosavuta, kusuntha komweko ndi zojambula zosangalatsa (bokeh).
Poganizira makamera amakono, ndi kosavuta kudziwa chomwe chiri chabwino kwa videographer. Choyamba, khalidwe la vidiyo liyenera kukhala ndi HD yothetsera, komanso bwino FullHD kapena 4K. Kamera yowonetsera galasi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ojambula zithunzi ndi EOS 5D Mark II ndi EOS 5D Mark III yatsopano, koma makamera ena ambiri angagwiritsidwe bwino.
Mbali za kamera katswiri
Kodi n'chiyani chimasiyanitsa kamera ya akatswiri ochokera ku makamera omwe amaphunzira masewera komanso amamuyi? Chifukwa chiyani zithunzizi zimakhala ndi ndalama zambiri, ndi momwe mungasankhire kamera yapamwamba, mukuganizira makhalidwe ofunikira? Tiyeni tipitirire pazomwe zili zofunika kwambiri mwatsatanetsatane.
Kodi ndi megapixel zingati mu kamera katswiri?
Kupanga chisankho cha katswiri wamakono, oyamba ambiri muzojambula zamakono ali ndi chidwi ndi chiwerengero cha ma megapixels. Koma anthu ochepa okha amadziwa kuti izi ndi zofunika kwambiri kuti zipangizo zojambula zithunzi zikhale zosavuta, pakuti makamera apamwamba ndi ofunika kwambiri. Makamera ambiri ogwira ntchito ali ndi chigamulo cha ma megapixels 12 ndi apamwamba, monga amateur midrange SLRs. Kumbukirani kuti izi ndi kukula kwa fano, kuti izi zikhale zosayenera.
Matrix a Professional Camera
Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimasiyanitsa katswiri wamakina ndi chiwerengero cha masamu. Yoyamba ndi yaikulu yoyimira ndi kukula kwa chiwerengero. Makamera onse aluso ali odzaza zonse , ndiko kuti, matrix ali ndi miyeso ya 36x24 masentimita, omwe amafanana ndi kukula kwake kwa filimuyi. Matrix onsewa amapeza kuwala kwakukulu, komwe kumapangitsa kuti zithunzi zizikhala zabwino ngakhale panthawi yochepa kwambiri, komanso phokoso lochepa m'mithunziyi. Magalasi onse ndi makina ovomerezeka opanda magalasi ayenera kukhala ndi matrix aakulu.
Chikhalidwe china chofunika cha mimba ya kamera ndi photosensitivity, yotchedwa nambala ya ISO. Chidziwitso chapadera cha kachipatala cha katswiri wamamera ayenera kukhala osachepera 6400 - izi zidzalola kuwombera pansi pazigawo zochepa za kuwala ndi pang'ono. Koma kumbukirani kuti chiwerengero cha ISO chapamwamba kwambiri, pamakhala phokoso lachithunzi, choncho ngati zingatheke, kufunika kuchitidwa mozama.
Kuwerengera kwa makamera apamwamba
Ngati makamera wamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakhomo amapanga makampani ambiri, ndi ochepa chabe omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zamakono. Kusankha katswiri wamakamera, ndibwino kuti aphunzire zolemba zawo kuti apeze njira yabwino kwambiri ya zithunzi zapamwamba. Lero msika uli ndi zinthu zotsatirazi za makamera apamwamba:
- Chithunzi;
- Nikon;
- Pentax;
- Sony Alpha.
Pogwira ntchito ndi ndondomeko yayikulu ya zitsanzo zamakono, atsogoleri osatsutsika mu mayeso ndizo zimphona ziwiri za msika - Canon ndi Nikon. Makampani awa amapanga makamera a akatswiri monga gulu lopakati, lomwe liripo kwa anthu a ndalama zochepa, ndipo sali oposa makhalidwe a chitsanzo, mtengo umene umayesedwa mu zikwi za magulu ochiritsira.
Professional Camera Canon
Ngati mufunso la kamera yomwe mukufunikira kuti mujambula zithunzi, mumayima ku Canon, muyenera kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane zitsanzo zomwe zimakonda kwambiri komanso zogwira ntchito.
- CANON EOS 1DX . Amadziwika ngati kamera yabwino kwambiri ya katswiri padziko lapansi. Cholinga cha mbiri komanso zojambula zojambulajambula. Icho chimakhala ndi kuthamanga kwapamwamba kotalika ndi kuganizira zofunikira.
- CANON EOS 5D MARK III - katswiri wotchuka kwambiri kamera, yomwe ili ndi zofunikira zonse kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kujambula.
- CANON EOS 6D - chitsanzo ichi chili chofunika kwambiri ndipo chimadziwika ngati kampulo yotchuka kwambiri. Zomwe zili zosiyana kwambiri ndi 5D zoposazi, zochepa kwa izo pokhapokha pa chigamulo cha matrix ndi liwiro la shutter. Koma magawo ake adzakhala okwanira kwa zithunzi zapamwamba kwambiri.
- Canon EOS 5D Mark IV ndi yatsopano ya 5D ndi chiwerengero chowonjezera cha megapixels mpaka 37.1, okonzeka ndi Wi-Fi, GPS, kujambula kanema 4K ndi chithunzi chokhudza.
- Canon EOS 5DSR - kamera yabwino kwambiri ya katswiri yopanga kujambula zithunzi. Chisankho cha masewerawa ndi 50 Mp. Koma chitsanzocho chikufuna kwambiri optics, ndikofunika kuwombera ndi L-series lenses.
- Canon EOS M5 - katswiri wamakono opanda kamera. Zimakhala ndi ubwino wabwino ku ISO, ili ndi katswiri wabwino wa vidiyo komanso autofocus yofulumira kwambiri. Koma pofunafuna khalidwe, kamera imeneyi inasowa mwayi waukulu wa makamera opanda piritsi - kulemera pang'ono. Popanda batire, imakhala ndi magalamu 427.
Kamera yapamwamba ya Nikon
Pali mikangano yambiri yokhudza kamera katswiri kamene kali bwino, Nikon kapena Canon, ndipo zokambirana zonse pa nkhaniyi ndi zopanda phindu. Makampani awiriwa ali ofanana kwambiri, ngakhale mafano omwe amadza kawirikawiri, ndipo mitengo ya iwo ndi ofanana. Choncho, posankha pakati pawo, ganizirani zokhazokha ndi kukoma kwake.
Tiyeni tiwone mwachidule mwachidule makamera apamwamba a Nikon powerenga zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri.
- NIKON D4S - kamera iyi imaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa zabwino kwambiri padziko lapansi. Linapangidwa kuti liwombedwe, likhale ndi mlingo wapamwamba (mafelemu 11 pamphindi) ndi zowunika kwambiri.
- NIKON DF - chifukwa cha kulemera kwake (700 magalamu) amaonedwa kuti ndi bwino kalirole kamera kwa oyenda, izo ndithudi amayamikira mafani a retro kapangidwe. Kwa ambiri izo zingawoneke zovuta poyerekeza ndi zojambula zamakono zamakono, koma ichi ndi chokhacho chokha cha chitsanzo.
- Nikon D3 - pulojekiti yamakono, yowunikira mosiyanasiyana, motsimikizirika kuwonetsetsa kuti chiwonetsero ndi zoyera zimakhala bwino.
- Nikon D800 - chiwerengero cha matrix ndi chisankho cha 36.3 megapixels chidzapereka mafano apamwamba kwambiri ndi malo osadziwika a munda ndi tsatanetsatane. Autofocus yoyendetsa, phokoso lakuya - ndiko kufotokoza mwachidule kwa kamera iyi.
- Nikon D610 - gawo la chitsanzo ndi bata lotsekemera kumasulidwa, kuti kamera imagwiritsidwe bwino ntchito poponya nyama zakutchire.
Izi sizitanthauza mitundu yonse ya zithunzithunzi zojambula pa Nikon yotchuka kwambiri, zokhazokha zodziwika bwino zomwe zimayimilidwa muyeso. Ndipotu, chitsanzo cha kampaniyi ndi chachikulu kwambiri ndipo chidzakulolani kusankha njira yabwino yomwe imakwaniritsa pempho lanu ngati wojambula zithunzi ndipo likugwirizana ndi bajeti.
Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito bwanji kamera katswiri?
Ngati mudagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zojambulajambula kapena masewera olimbitsa thupi, mumatha kugwiritsa ntchito kamera kuti mujambula zithunzi. Kwa oyamba kumene a ogwiritsa ntchito makamera omwewo, tidzakambirana ndondomeko zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuphunzira kujambula zithunzi ndikupanga choyamba chokongola.
- Kusintha modes. Mu galasi lililonse ndi kamera kamakono kamakhala ndi njira zowonongeka, m'makina ena amisiri mulibe magalimoto. Mulimonsemo, kuti mupeze zithunzi zokongola, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zolembazo. Makonzedwe a mtundu uliwonse amakulolani kuyika zofunikila, kuthamanga ndi kutsegula (kuchuluka kwa kuwala kumene kumatsimikizira kuya kwa munda wa fano). Mabuku okwanira a mitundu yonseyi ali mu malangizo kwa kamera.
- Menyu. Pano mungathe kusintha machitidwe a flash, zotsatira, zoyera zoyera, mawonetsero owonetsera pawindo.
- Mabatani omwe ali pamwamba pawunivesiti yachiwiri amakulolani kusankha masewera omasula - kuwombera, kuwombera, kapena kuchepetsa kumasulidwa kwa shutter. Komabe pano ndi kofunikira kusankha nambala ya ISO - kutengeka kwa chiwerengero cha masewera. Kumbukirani kuti mtengowo uyenera kukhala wochepa momwe ungathere kumapeto kwa fomu yomwe wapatsidwa, ISO ikuluikulu imadzaza ndi phokoso la chithunzi.