Kodi swastika ndi chiyani? Ambiri, popanda kukayikira, adzayankha - swastika idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi fascists. Wina anganene - ndi chipika chakale cha Slavic, ndipo zonsezi zidzakhala zabwino komanso zolakwika nthawi yomweyo. Ndi angati pozungulira chizindikiro ichi cha nthano ndi nthano? Iwo amanena kuti pa chishango chomwe Ameneri Oleg anachibweretsera pakhomo la Constantinople, swastika inkawonetsedwa.
Kodi swastika ndi chiyani?
Swastika ndi chizindikiro choyambirira kwambiri, chomwe chinawoneka ngakhale tisanakhalepo ndipo tili ndi mbiri yakale. Mitundu yambiri imatsutsana ndi ufulu wokonza. Zithunzi za Swastika zinapezeka ku China, India. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri. Kodi swastika imatanthauza chiyani - kulenga, dzuwa, ubwino. Kutembenuza kwa mawu oti "swastika" kuchokera ku Sanskrit kumatanthauza - ndikukhumba zabwino ndi mwayi.
Swastika - chiyambi cha chizindikiro
Chizindikiro cha swastika ndi dzuwa, chizindikiro cha dzuwa. Kutanthauza kwakukulu ndiko kuyenda. Dziko lapansi limayendayenda dzuwa, nyengo zinayi nthawi zonse zimalowe m'malo mwa wina ndi mzache - n'zosavuta kuona kuti tanthauzo lalikulu la chizindikiro sikuthamanga chabe, koma kuyenda kosatha kwa chilengedwe. Akatswiri ena amafotokoza kuti swastika ndi chithunzi cha kusintha kwa muyaya kwa mlalang'amba. Swastika ndi chizindikiro cha dzuŵa, anthu onse akale ali ndi mafotokozedwe ake: pa zofukula za malo a Inca, nsalu ndi chithunzi cha swastika zinapezedwa, zimapezeka pa ndalama zakale za Chigriki, ngakhale pa miyala yamtengo wapatali ya chilumba cha Easter pali zizindikiro za swastika.
Chojambula choyambirira cha dzuwa ndi bwalo. Kenaka, poona chithunzi chachinayi cha kukhalapo, anthu anayamba kukoka mtanda ndi mazira anayi ku mugugomo. Komabe, chithunzithunzicho chinatuluka mwamphamvu - ndipo chilengedwe chonse chimakhala champhamvu nthawi zonse, ndipo kenako miyendo yam'mbali imatha - mtanda unasuntha. Miyezi imeneyi ikuwonetsanso masiku anayi ofunikira makolo athu chaka - nyengo yozizira / yozizira, nyengo yachisanu ndi ya autumn equinox. Masiku ano amadziwa kusintha kwa zakuthambo kwa nyengo ndipo amakhala ngati zizindikiro pa ulimi, pamene zomangidwe ndi zina zofunika pazochitika za anthu.
Swastika anasiya ndi kumanja
Ife tikuwona momwe chizindikirochi chiririkonse. Zimakhala zovuta kufotokozera anthu osasamala zomwe swastika imatanthauza. Zili ndi maonekedwe ambiri, ndi chizindikiro cha mfundo yofunika kwambiri yokhala ndi mawonetseredwe ake onse, ndipo pakati pa zinthu zina, swastika ndi yolimba. Ikhoza kusinthasintha kumanja ndi kumanzere. Zambiri zimasokoneza ndipo zimawoneka ngati mbali ya mpikisano njira yomwe mapeto akuyang'ana. Izi ndi zolakwika. Mbali ya kasinthasintha imatsimikiziridwa ndi zingwe zopindika. Yerekezerani ndi phazi laumunthu - kayendetsedwe kake kakulowera kumene bondo logwada likuloledwa, osati chidendene.
Swastika kumanzere
Pali chiphunzitso chomwe chimanena kuti kusinthasintha kwasuntha ndi swastika yoyenera, ndipo kutsutsana ndi zoipa, mdima, swastika mosiyana. Komabe, zikanakhala zoletsedwa kwambiri - kumanja ndi kumanzere, zakuda ndi zoyera. Mu chilengedwe, chirichonse chiri cholungamitsidwa - tsiku limasinthidwa usiku, chilimwe - m'nyengo yozizira, palibe kusiyana pakati pa zabwino ndi zoipa - chirichonse chomwe chiripo, ndi chofunikira pa chirichonse. Choncho ndi swastika - palibe chabwino kapena choipa, pali mbali ya kumanzere ndi kumanja.
Swastika kumanzere kumanja - amasinthasintha pang'onopang'ono. Ichi ndi tanthauzo la kuyeretsedwa, kubwezeretsedwa. Nthawi zina zimatchedwa chizindikiro cha chiwonongeko - kumanga chinachake chowala, muyenera kuwononga zakale ndi mdima. Swastikas ikhoza kuvala ndi kuzungulira kumanzere, idatchedwa "Mchinjipulu wa Kumwamba" ndipo inali chizindikiro cha mgwirizano waumulungu, kupereka kwa iye amene amavala, thandizo la makolo onse a m'banja ndi kutetezedwa kwa mphamvu zakumwamba. Swastika ya kumanzere idawonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha dzuwa - limodzi.
Swastika dzanja lamanja
Swastika dzanja lamanja limayenda mozungulira ndipo limasonyeza kuyamba kwa zonse zomwe zilipo-kubadwa, chitukuko. Ndilo chizindikiro cha dzuwa lakumapeto - mphamvu zopanga. Anatchedwanso - Novorodnik kapena mtanda wa Sun. Ankaimira mphamvu ya dzuwa komanso kulemera kwa banja. Chizindikiro cha dzuwa ndi swastika ndi ofanana pa izi. Anakhulupilira kuti amapereka mphamvu yaikulu kwa ansembe. Waneneri Oleg, yemwe tam'tchula pachiyambi, anali ndi ufulu kuvala chizindikiro ichi pa chishango chake, chifukwa adadziwa, ndiko kuti, adadziwa nzeru zakule. Kuchokera ku zikhulupiliro zimenezi ndipo anapita chiphunzitsocho kutsimikizira kuti chiSilavoni chinachokera ku swastika.
Slavic swastika
Swastika ya kumanzere ndi kumanja kwa Asilavo amatchedwa Kolovrat ndi Posolon. Swastika Kolovrat amadzala ndi kuwala, amateteza ku mdima, posolon amapereka mwakhama ndi mphamvu ya uzimu, chizindikiro chimakhala chikumbutso chakuti munthu analengedwa kuti apite patsogolo. Mayina awa ndi awiri okha mwa gulu lalikulu la zizindikiro za Slavic swastika. Anagawana mitanda ndi miyendo yopindika. Miyeziyi ingakhale yachisanu ndi chimodzi, ndi eyiti, imayenderera kumanja ndi kumanzere, chizindikiro chirichonse chinali ndi dzina lake ndipo chinali ndi ntchito yoyang'anira alonda. Zizindikiro zazikulu za swastika pakati pa Asilavo 144. Kuphatikiza pa Asilavo otchulidwa pamwambapa anali:
- Mpendadzuwa;
- Chithunzi;
- Svarozic;
- Ukwati;
- Perunov kuwala;
- Nkhumba zakumwamba ndi zosiyana zambiri zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zinthu zakuthambo za swastika.
Swastika wa Asilavo ndi Fascist - kusiyana
Mosiyana ndi fascist, Asilavo analibe zida zolimba m'chifanizo cha chizindikiro ichi. Miyezi ingakhale nambala iliyonse, ikhoza kuthyoledwa pazingwe zosiyana, zikhoza kuzungulira. Chizindikiro cha swastika cha Asilavo ndi moni, chokhumba champindula, pomwe mu 1923 mu Nazi, Hitler anatsimikizira otsutsa kuti swastika amatanthawuza kumenyana ndi Ayuda ndi Chikomyunizimu chifukwa cha kuyera kwa magazi ndi kupambana kwa mtundu wa Aryan. Swastika ya fascist ili ndi zofunikira zenizeni. Ichi ndi chithunzichi chokha ndi German swastika:
- Mapeto a mtanda ayenera kusweka kumbali yoyenera;
- Mizere yonse imatsutsana mosamalitsa pa ngodya ya 90 °;
- Mtanda uyenera kukhala mu bwalo loyera pa chiyambi chofiira.
- Nkulondola kunena osati "swastika", koma Hakkenkreyz
Swastika mu Chikhristu
Mu Chikhristu choyambirira, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito fano la swastika. Ankatchedwa "mtanda wowoloka" chifukwa cha kufanana ndi kalata yachi Greek gamma. Swastika anaphimba mtanda pa nthawi ya kuzunzidwa kwa akristu - chiwonongeko chachikhristu. The Swastika kapena Gammadion anali chizindikiro chachikulu cha Khristu mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma Middle Ages. Akatswiri ena amatha kufanana pakati pa Mkhristu ndi mtanda wa mtanda, kutcha "wotsiriza mtanda" wotsiriza.
Swastika mu Orthodoxy idagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama musanayambe kusintha: monga gawo la kukongoletsa kwa zovala za ansembe, mujambula zojambula, muzithunzi zomwe makoma a mipingo amajambula. Komabe, pali lingaliro losiyana - gammadion ndi mtanda wosweka, chizindikiro chachikunja, kwa Orthodoxy alibe chochita.
Swastika mu Buddhism
Ndi swastika mungakumane kulikonse komwe kuli miyambo ya chi Buddhist, ndilo phazi la phazi la Buddha. Swastika ya Buddhist, kapena "mandzi," ikutanthawuza kusinthasintha kwa dziko lapansi. Mzere wofanana ndi wosiyana ndi wopingasa, monga chiyanjano cha mlengalenga / dziko ndi chiyanjano pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Kutembenuza kuwala kumbali imodzi kumagogomezera chikhumbo cha kukoma mtima, kufatsa, mosiyana - kuuma, mphamvu. Izi zimapangitsa kumvetsa za kutheka kwa kukhalapo kwa mphamvu popanda chifundo, ndi chifundo popanda mphamvu, kukana kusagwirizana, monga kuswa kwa mgwirizano wa dziko lonse.
Indian Swastika
Swastika ku India ndi yosavomerezeka. Pali swastika yotsalira ndi yolondola. Kusinthasintha kwa mawonekedwe kumatanthauza mphamvu yamwamuna "yin", motsutsana ndi "yang" yazimayi. Nthawi zina chizindikiro ichi chikutanthauza milungu yonse ndi azimayi onse mu Chihindu, ndiye pamzere wotsitsimula amawonjezera chizindikiro "ohm" - chizindikiro choti milungu yonse ili ndi chiyambi chofanana.
- Kusinthasintha kolondola: kutanthauza dzuwa, kuyenda kwake kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo - chitukuko cha chilengedwe.
- Kusinthana kumanzere kukuimira mulungu wamkazi Kali, matsenga, usiku - kupukuta kwa chilengedwe.
Kodi swastika saloledwa?
Chizindikiro cha swastika chinali choletsedwa ndi Khoti la Nuremberg. Kupanda chidwi kunayambitsa zikhulupiriro zambiri, mwachitsanzo, swastika imatchula malemba anayi omwe akuti "G" - Hitler, Himmler, Goering, Goebbels. Komabe, buku ili silinatheke. Hitler, Himmler, Göring, Goebbels - palibe dzina lachiyero sichiyamba ndi kalata iyi. Nthawi zina kuchokera ku nyumba zosungiramo zojambulajambula zitsanzo zamtengo wapatali zomwe zinali ndi zithunzi za swastika zokongoletsera, zokongoletsera, Slav wakale ndi agulu akale achikristu adagwidwa ndi kuwonongedwa.
M'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya pali malamulo omwe amaletsa zizindikiro za fascist, koma mfundo ya ufulu wa kulankhula ndi yosatsutsika. Mlandu uliwonse wogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro za Nazism kapena swastika uli ndi mawonekedwe a mayesero osiyana.
- Mu 2015, Roskomnazor analola kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi za swastika popanda zolinga zachinyengo.
- Ku Germany, malamulo okhwima omwe amaimira chithunzi cha swastika. Pali zifukwa zambiri za khoti zomwe zimaletsa kapena kulola zithunzi.
- Ku France, lamulo laperekedwa likuletsa kulemba kwa anthu zizindikiro za Nazi.