Ku Poland, zithunzi zachisomo chenicheni zimapangidwa, zomwe ankhondo amabisala kuti asamasowe maso ...
Zolinga ndi zolengedwa, nthano za zomwe zingapezeke mu nthano za anthu okhala m'madera onse a dziko lapansi. Kulikonse kumene kuli mabwawa ena - nyanja, nyanja kapena nyanja, nthano zakudziko zimasunga nkhani za anthu osamvetsetseka okhala pansi. Kuwatcha iwo maonekedwe okongola ndi osatsimikizirika sangathe ngakhale kukhala okhulupirira kuti kulibe Mulungu ndi okhulupirira, chifukwa kamodzi kamodzi mwa zaka khumi muli zitsimikizo zosokoneza za kukhalapo kwachisomo.
Kodi malonda amachokera kuti ndipo amawoneka bwanji?
Sirn, undina, naiad, mavka ali maina ambiri a cholengedwa chomwecho, chomwe mbiri ya Chislavic inkatchedwa "chisomo". Mbuye wa mawu awa anali mawu akuti "kanjira", kutanthauza njira yomwe anayikira mtsinjewo. Ankaganiza kuti kunali kumeneko kuti miyoyo yotayika ya ana osabatizidwa omwe adafa pa sabata la Troitsk, atsikana omwe adadzicheka kapena kudzipha asanalowe m'banja, komanso adasankha kukhala woyang'anira madzi omwe akufuna.
Mpaka lero, m'midzi ina ya Okhulupirira Oyambirira, nthano zimakhala kuti ngati kugonana kosangalatsa sikukhala ndi moyo wabwino padziko lapansi chifukwa cha kusungulumwa, umphawi kapena imfa ya makolo, akhoza kupempha mizimu ya m'nkhalango kuti imutengere kumtunda kapena m'nyanja yake, kupeza mtendere wosatha.
Zikhulupiriro za anthu amakhulupirira kuti zimakhala zowonjezereka zamoyo zatsopano-mbalame, achule, agologolo, hares, ng'ombe kapena makoswe. Koma zowonjezereka kwa iwo ndi mawonekedwe a mtsikana kapena mtsikana, yemwe mmalo mwake miyendo yake imatha kuona mchira wautali wofanana ndi nsomba. Ku Russia ndi ku Galicia Pang'ono, anthu amakhulupirira kuti chiyanjano chingamupangitse mwendo ngati akufuna. Mwa njira, Agiriki anali ndi lingaliro lofananalo: iwo amasonyeza mfuti okha ngati atsikana okongola, osasiyana ndi atsikana wamba. Kuti amvetsetse kuti pamaso pake anali siren, osati wosungira wamng'ono, woyendetsa sitimayo angangowonongeka ndi imfa yake yokhayo: mcherewo unanyengerera amunawo ndi kuimba nyimbo zonyenga ndi kuphedwa mopanda chifundo.
Malingaliro a mitundu yonse, zolinga zabwino zimakhala ndi tsitsi lokha ndi tsitsi lotayirira. Mbali iyi nthawi zakale inaloledwa kusiyanitsa atsikana amoyo kuchokera ku zolengedwa zamoyo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nthawi zonse Akristu adaphimba mitu yawo ndi mpango, kotero mosavuta ndi chizindikiro chakuti pali chisomo pamaso pa mwamuna. M'mabuku a mpingo wa Ukraine mbiri ya mtsikana amene adachoka panyumbamo madzulo a ukwatiwo adasungidwa. Bambo ake anamvetsa chilichonse pamene anamuwona usiku pafupi ndi nyumbayo atayendayenda pamapewa ake ndipo "anamukwatira" ndi chipilala kotero kuti moyo wake usamamuvutitse kwambiri.
Zoona zowona maso ponena za mermaids
Iwo amadziwika kuti chinthu cha madzi awo osaka osaka amasankhidwa ndi amuna okha. Ku Scotland ndi ku Ireland, mpaka pano, ena a iwo amanyamula nsale limodzi ndi iwo kuti ayambe kukambirana, omwe amawopera miyala yamtengo wapatali ngati moto, poyesa, kuti apulumutse moyo wake. Msonkhano ndi iye ndi owopsa pa moyo, chifukwa cholengedwa ichi chidzayesa kukopa womenyedwa ku kuya ndikumira kapena kumangoyenda mpaka kufa. Koma nkhani zimadziwika mbiri ya anthu omwe ali ndi mwayi omwe adapulumuka mozizwitsa pambuyo polankhula ndi chisomo.
Kutchulidwa koyambirira kwa izo kumatanthauza zaka za XII. Nkhani za ku Icelandic Speculum Regale adalengeza mayi wina ali ndi mchira wa nsomba, yomwe inagwidwa ndi kuikidwa m'ndende mumzinda wa gombe. Sikudziwika ngati iye amadziwa kulankhula komanso ngati anapulumuka atakumana ndi mitanda yamatsenga, koma mboni zomwe zinati anaona kuti ali ndi nthawi yotipatsa dzina lakuti Marguer.
Mu 1403 ku Holland, mlembi wa buku lakuti "Wonders of nature, kapena zozizwitsa ndi zolemba za zozizwitsa ndi zochitika zabwino m'thupi lonse lapansi, zomwe zinapangidwa mwadongosolo la zilembo za alfabheti" ndi wosonkhanitsa zizindikiro za Sigot de la Fonda, amakumana ndi mtsikana amene anthu adamupeza pagombe thandizo. Anali ndi malire, kupatulapo adatayidwa kunja kwa mkuntho, choncho adatchedwa dzina la Nereid. Chisomocho chinabweretsedwa kumzinda, kuphunzitsidwa kukonzekera chakudya, kusamba ndi kusamalira ng'ombe. Zimadziwika kuti Nereid adatha zaka zoposa 15 ndi anthu - ndipo tsiku lililonse adayesa kubwerera kwawo, kunyanja. Nthawi yomweyo amathawa, osaphunzira kulankhula komanso kumvetsa chinenero cha munthu.
Pa June 16, 1608, woyendetsa nyanja Henry Hudson, yemwe kenako anatchedwa Strait, ananyamuka ulendo ndi gulu la oyendetsa sitima. Tsiku loyamba m'nyanjayi, kutali ndi chitukuko, adawona mtsikana akugwedezeka pa mafunde akuimba mawu okongola.
"Kukongola kwachinyamata kopanda chifuwa, tsitsi lakuda ndi mchira wa mackerel, kumene sitinkafuna kuyandikira."
Pambuyo pake oyendetsa sitima ankalemba magaziniyo. Podziwa za vutoli, Peter I adapempha uphungu kwa atsogoleri achipembedzo ochokera ku Denmark, ngati ndizotheka kukhulupirira nkhanizi. Episcon Francois Valentine anamuyankha kuti tsiku lina iye mwiniwake adawona chisomo ndi mboni kwa izo - anthu makumi asanu.
Mu 1737, nyuzipepala ya Chingelezi ya magazini ya amuna a Gentleman's inafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mmene anthu asodzi asanathe sabata, komanso nsomba ikuyenda mumtsinje, anabweretsa cholengedwa chachilendo. Inde, iwo anamva za zokondweretsa, koma anagwidwa mu nsomba ... munthu yemwe ali ndi mchira wa nsomba! Cholengedwa chodabwitsa chowopsya osauka kuti chinawapha nyama zawo. Thupi la chilombocho linagulidwa ndipo kwa zaka zingapo linawonetsedwa mu Museum of Exterior.
A Mboni za Yehova anaona kuti:
"Cholengedwa ichi chinadabwitsa malingaliro ndipo chinapweteka anthu. Pamene tidafika tokha, tinawona kuti anali munthu wamchira woyera ndi membranous fin yomwe inali ndi mamba. Kuwonekera kwa cholengedwacho chinali chodabwitsa ndi chodabwitsa chofanana ndi munthu panthaŵi yomweyo. "
1890 ku Scotland anadziwika ndi maonekedwe a pafupi ndi Orkney Islands banja lonse lachisomo. Atsikana atatu adasambira m'madzi, kuseka ndi kuwedza, koma sanayandikire pafupi ndi anthu. Sitikunenedwa kuti amawopa munthu-iwo amatha kupeŵa izo. Popanda asodzi, nymphs amakhala pamphepete mwa miyala. Zimadziwika kuti zokondweretsa zakhala m'maderawa kwa zaka zoposa 10. Mu 1900, mlimi wina wa ku Scotland anatha kugwira imodzi mwa atsikana a m'nyanja kuti ayang'anire:
"Mwa njira ina ine ndimayenera kupita ndi galu wanga kupita kumtunda wautali kuti ndikapeze nkhosa zomwe zimabwera mmenemo. Ndikuyenda pamtsinje ndikufunafuna nkhosa, ndinazindikira kuti galuyo anali ndi nkhawa, yomwe idayamba kufuula ndi mantha. Kuyenderera mumtsinje, ndinawona chisangalalo chokhala ndi tsitsi lofiira lofiira ndi maso a mtundu wa nyanja. Chisangalalocho chinali chamtali ndi mwamuna, wokongola kwambiri, koma ndikulankhula koopsa kotero kuti ndinkachita mantha ndi kuthawa kwake. Ndikuthawa, ndinazindikira kuti chisangalalocho chinali mumtsinje chifukwa cha mafunde otsika ndipo amayenera kuyembekezera pamenepo kuti mafunde azisambira m'nyanja. Koma sindinkafuna kumuthandiza. "
M'kati mwa zaka za zana la 20, zochitika zabwino zinapezeka ku Chile, United States of America, Polynesia ndi Zambia. Mu 1982, nymphs adapezeka koyamba ku USSR, komwe poyamba sanakhulupirire mbiri ya zolengedwa zina zomwe zimakhala m'madzi. Panthawi ya maphunziro, anthu osambira panyanja ku Baikal anagwedeza pansi ndi madzi ndi nsomba ndi thupi lakazi. Atafika, adamuuza zomwe adawona ndipo adalandira malamulo kuti akalumikizane ndi anthu achilendo ku Lake Baikal. Zinali zoyenera kuti iwo azisambira ku zinyama, monga momwe munawaponyera pamtunda ngati kuphulika, chifukwa chakuti anthu ena amatha kupulumuka m'masiku angapo mmodzi ndi mmodzi, ndipo opulumuka - anakhala osayenera.
Nkhani yotsiriza yotchulidwa mu nyuzipepala yokhudzana ndi zokondweretsa ndi nkhani zomwe olemba nkhani ochokera m'mayiko ambiri adaziwona atatha kuwona zithunzi pazithunzi za maphunziro a usilikali ku Poland mu 2015. Zithunzizi zikuwonetseratu kuti anthu omwe ali ndi suti zoteteza amakhala ndi kukula kwa munthu, koma ndi nsomba mchira. Zolemetsa zawo zimakhala zolemetsa kwambiri, chifukwa chotambasulacho chinatengedwa nthawi imodzi ndi anthu asanu ndi limodzi.
Boma la Poland linasiya mafano popanda ndemanga. Ndipo kodi sayansi yokhazikika ikhoza kupeza tsatanetsatane wa kukhalapo kwachisomo?