Mzinda wonyansa kwambiri padziko lapansi

Mndandanda wa mizinda yonyansa kwambiri padziko lapansi ili ndi midzi ikuluikulu, yomwe imakhala ndi zovuta kwambiri zowonongeka. Izi ndizofunika kwa Blacksmith Institute - bungwe lofufuza zopanda phindu ku United States. Kotero, tiyeni tiwone kuti ndi mzinda wanji umene unakhala woipitsitsa kwambiri mu 2013.

Mizinda 10 yoipitsitsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi

1. Choyamba pa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi Chiyukireniya choipa kwambiri ku Chernobyl . Zinthu zowonongeka kuchokera m'mlengalenga chifukwa cha ngozi yapamwamba mu 1986 imakhudzanso chilengedwe. Chigawo chosiyana chinachokera ku Chernobyl makilomita 30.
2. Ku Norilsk ndilo lalikulu kwambiri la metallurgical padziko lapansi, lomwe limaponyera matani a poizoni m'mlengalenga. Cadmium, kutsogolo, nickel, zinki, arsenic ndi zinyansi zina zimawopsya mpweya pamwamba pa mzinda, omwe okhalamo akudwala matenda opuma. Komanso, palibe chomera chomwe chimafalikira pamtunda wa makilomita 50 kuzungulira fakitale ya factory ya Norilsk, yomwe imatsogolera mndandanda wa mizinda 10 yoipitsitsa kwambiri ku Russia (kumalo achiwiri ndi Moscow ).
3. Dzerzhinsk ndi mzinda waung'ono ku Nizhny Novgorod m'chigawo cha Russia. Pano pali mafakitale a mankhwalawa, omwe amaipitsa mlengalenga ndi matupi a m'midzi. Vuto lalikulu losasinthika la Dzerzhinsk ndigwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zinyalala zamagetsi (phenol, sarin, dioxin), chifukwa, chifukwa cha zochitika zachilengedwe zowonongeka, chiwerengero cha kufa kwa anthu mumzinda ndi chapamwamba kwambiri kusiyana ndi kubala kwa chibadwidwe. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Dniprodzerzhinsk ndi umodzi mwa mizinda yonyansa kwambiri ku Ukraine.
4. Mpweya wotsogolera - vuto la tauni ya migodi ya La Oroya , yomwe ili ku Peru. Zili katatu kuposa momwe zimakhalira, zomwe zimakhudza thanzi la anthu okhala mumzindawu. Ndipo, ngakhale m'zaka zaposachedwapa zotsitsa zakhala zikucheperachepera, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala oopsa omwe ali pafupi ndi chomera chidzawopseza chilengedwe kwa zaka zambiri zikubwera. Izi zikuwonjezeretsanso chifukwa cha kusowa kwa njira iliyonse yoyeretsa dera.
5. Mzinda wawukulu wa Chitchaina wa Tianjin ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe mumzindawu umapangidwira kwambiri popanga zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Zinyama zoyenda ndizokulu kwambiri moti zimalowetsedwa m'madzi ndi nthaka mochulukirapo, chifukwa chake ngakhale zomera za chikhalidwe za m'dera lino zili ndi kuchuluka kwa kutsogolo, nthawi zambiri kuposa kuposa. Koma chifukwa cha chilungamo tiyenera kudziŵa kuti boma likuyesetsa kwambiri kuthetsa kuwononga chilengedwe.
6. Mlengalenga ku Mount Linfien amadziipitsidwa kwambiri ndi mankhwala omwe amapangidwa pambuyo pa makala amoto. Ichi ndi cholakwika cha migodi yamalowa ndi malamulo omwe ali m'dera la Linfyn. Mwa njira, imodzi mwa mizinda yoipa kwambiri ku China ndi Beijing, yomwe nthawi zonse imakhala ikugunda thovu lachikasu.
7. Malo aakulu kwambiri ochotsera chrome ore ku India ali ku Sukinda . Pokhala ndi poizoni wambiri, chrome imalowa mpaka kumadzi akumwa a dera lino, ndipo imayambitsa matenda opatsirana m'mimba mwa anthu. Ndipo chokhumudwitsa kwambiri, kulibe kulimbana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe.
8. Mzinda wina wa Indian, "wotchuka" chifukwa cha kuipitsa kwake, ndi Vapi . Ili m'madera ozungulira mafakitala kumwera kwa dzikoli. Mafuta a zitsulo ndizo mliri weniweni wa dera lino, chifukwa mankhwala a mercury m'madzi pano ndi ochuluka kwambiri kuposa malire ovomerezeka.
9. Dziko lachitatu ladziko lapansi likuvutika ndi zosauka zamoyo - makamaka Zambia. Chigawo cha Kabwe m'dziko lino chili ndi ndalama zambiri zothandizira, zomwe zimachititsa kuti anthu a m'deralo azivulazidwa mosavuta. Komabe, izi zili bwino kwambiri kuposa mizinda yina, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi yopusa kwambiri, chifukwa pokonza kabwe la Kabwe, Banki Yadziko lonse yatsala pafupifupi $ 40 miliyoni.
10. Ku Azerbaijan, kuzungulira mzinda wa Sumgait , dera lalikulu ndilokusungidwa kwa mafakitale. Mankhwalawa anayamba kutsegula malo ogulitsa mafakitala ngakhale m'nthaŵi za Soviet Union. Masiku ano ambiri a iwo sakugwiranso ntchito, koma zowonongeka zimayambitsa poizoni nthaka ndi madzi.

Kuwonjezera pa khumi awa, mizinda yonyansa kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi Cairo, New Delhi, Accra, Baku ndi ena, komanso ku Ulaya - Paris, London ndi Athens.