Masiku ano, zojambulajambula zimakhala zosawerengeka, koma anthu olemera okha ndi omwe angakwanitse. Pa nthawi imene panalibe ma teli ambiri, anthu amayala zojambula zawo ndi manja awo, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowonongeka komanso miyala yamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Panthawiyi, olemba mbiri ali ndi njira zinayi zopangira zojambulajambula: Aroma, Russian Alexandria ndi Florentine. Chovuta kwambiri pa zonse ndi zojambula za Florentine. Kuti apange izi, amisiri amagwiritsa ntchito miyala yokongola kwambiri: diso la tiger, amethyst, malachite, agate, carnelian, serpine, jasper, marble, lapis lazuli, sodalite, hematite. Pogwiritsa ntchito fano, miyala yamagetsi ena imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imapatsidwa mawonekedwe ndi kudula. Pambuyo pokonza, zida za miyalayi zimagwirizanitsa palimodzi kuti apange chitsanzo. Pogwiritsa ntchito mizere yozungulira, miyala yambiri yaing'ono kapena chinthu chimodzi chokonzedwa bwino. Chithunzichi chimatha kufotokozera molondola bwino ndi zina ndi zina zomwe zimakhala zovuta kukwaniritsa ngakhale mafuta ojambula.
Mbiri ya zithunzi
Zojambula za Florentine zinayambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 16 ndipo zinali zotchuka zaka 300. Pa chitukuko ndi kupititsa patsogolo luso la kulenga "kujambula kwa miyala" gawo lalikulu lomwe adasewera ndi Duke wa Tuscan Ferdinand I de Medici. Iye ndiye woyamba kukhazikitsa msonkhano wogwira ntchito ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali komanso yopanda phindu, yomwe imatchedwa "Gallery of Dei Lavori." Kumeneko ambuye a ku Italy anayamba kuyesa kupanga mafano kuchokera ku miyala, yomwe kenako inadzatchedwa "pietra dura".
Zojambulajambula zakhala ndi zojambulajambula zokhazokha zomwe zimatchedwa "commesso", zomwe pamasulira zimatanthawuza "kutseka". N'chifukwa chiyani dzina limeneli? Chowonadi ndi chakuti miyala yamtengo wapatali, itatha kudula ndi kupanga mawonekedwe ofunidwa, inawonjezeredwa ku kachitidwe kena kotero kuti mzere pakati pawo unali pafupifupi wosawonekera. Njira yamagetsi ya Florentine inagwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga nsonga zapamwamba, mapangidwe a makoma, mabokosi okongoletsera, mapepala a chess, komanso kukongoletsera zipangizo zamatabwa. Mwamwayi, kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 mtundu uwu wa luso unasiya kukhala wofunikira, monga anthu adasinthira kupenta ndi zomangamanga.
Masiku ano, zojambulajambula mu njira ya "pietra dura" zingapezekedwe m'mabwalo okongoletsera zakale ndi zokopa zapadera. Mafilimu otchuka kwambiri: "Bwalo la Moscow", "Mpangidwe wokhala ndi mpendadzuwa", "Mphamvu ya kununkhiza ndi kukhudza", "Mtsinje wa Phiri".
Zojambula za Florentine zopangidwa ndi miyala - zojambula
Zojambulajambula za ku Italy zili ndi zizindikiro zambiri zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi maonekedwe ena:
- ziwalo zonse za chiwerengerocho ndi zolimba kotero kuti kugwirizana pakati pa miyalayi kuli pafupibe;
- Zonsezi ziyenera kukhala pansi pamtunda momwemo;
- ngakhale kopambana yeniyeni ya chithunzichi ndi yosiyana ndi yoyambirira, chifukwa mu chilengedwe mulibe miyala yofanana;
- kulengedwa kwa zithunzi imodzi kungatenge miyezi ingapo;
- mosiyana ndi zojambula pazenera, zithunzi zochokera ku mwala sizimatha ndipo sizikutentha kwa zaka zambiri.
Lero, "kujambula kwa miyala" kukongoletsa mabokosi ang'onoang'ono kapena makomo a ndowa. Ndalama zambiri zimatengedwa kugwira ntchito, monga chithunzi chilichonse chimapangidwa malinga ndi dongosolo laumwini.
Okonza ena amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono ku Italy kuti apange zodzikongoletsera za akazi. Zovala, mphete ndi ndolo zazikulu zimakongoletsedwa ndi mbale zofiira za mwala wachikuda, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ku mtundu wina. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zinthu zomwezo mumtundu umodzi zingakhale ndi mithunzi yosiyana chifukwa cha kugawidwa kwa mwala wachilengedwe.
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