Chitetezo chokwanira pa njirayi ndi cha mitundu iwiri:
- mafoni;
- zachiwerewere.
Iwo ali ofanana kwambiri, ngakhale kuti amachita ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Ntchito yaikulu ya chitetezo cha mthupi ndikutulukira, kuzindikira, kutsegula ndi kuchotsa ku thupi chinthu chachilendo chimene mavairasi osiyanasiyana, mabakiteriya , poizoni, bowa, maselo amtundu ndi maselo opatsirana angathe kuchita. Ndipo machitidwewa amatha kukumbukira maselo oyipa kuti akwaniritsenso kachiwiri, kuti athe kusokoneza mwamsanga.
Kodi chitetezo chaumunthu n'chiyani?
Dzina lomwelo "zosangalatsa" limachokera ku mawu osangalatsa, omwe amamasulira monga madzi, chinyezi. Pankhaniyi, zikutanthawuza madzi m'thupi:
- magazi;
- saliva;
- zamaliseche, ndi ena.
Chitetezo chaumunthu chili ndi makhalidwe ake enieni. Ntchito yake ndi kuzindikira ndi kuwononga mabakiteriya m'magazi komanso pamalo owonjezera. Perekani mtundu uwu wa chitetezo chakumidzi B-lymphocytes. Pamene ma lymphocytes amakumana ndi ma antigen, amapita ku fupa, mafupa, nthenda , matumbo, ndi matumbo aang'ono, matoni m'zigawo zina ndi zina. Kumeneko amagawaniza ndikusandutsa maselo a plasma. B-lymphocytes imatulutsa antibodies kapena ma immunoglobulin - mapuloteni omwe amamatira "kunja" mabakiteriya, mavairasi. Motero, ma immunoglobulins amawaika chizindikiro, amawapangitsa kuti awoneke m'magazi a m'magazi a magazi omwe amawononga mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya omwe amalowa m'thupi.
Pali mitundu isanu ya ma immunoglobulins:
- A (Ig);
- D (Ig D);
- E (Ig E);
- G (IgG);
- M (Ig M).
Zonsezi, ma lymphocyte otero m'thupi ndi 15% mwa zonse zomwe zilipo.
Zizindikiro za chitetezo cha mthupi
Pansi pa zizindikiro za chitetezo cha mthupi chimatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa maselo omwe amatulutsa thupi ndi mankhwala ena omwe amathandiza kuteteza thupi kuchokera kuzinthu zakunja, komanso momwe amawonetsera matupi ndi madzi amitundu yosiyanasiyana mu thupi.
Kusokoneza chitetezo chamatenda
Poyesa chitetezo cha humoral ndi kuzindikira zolakwika, kufufuza kumachitika-immunogram. Pankhaniyi, zomwe zili m'magulu a A, M, G, E ndi chiwerengero cha B-lymphocyte, ndi zizindikiro za interferon ndi dongosolo lovomerezeka atatha katemera.
Kufufuza uku, magazi amachotsedwa ku mitsempha. Tsiku lomwelo, sikuvomerezedwa kuti muwonjezere thupi mwakugwira ntchito, musamamwe mowa ndipo musasute. Magazi amapereka mmawa pamimba yopanda kanthu patatha maola 8 kusala, amaloledwa kumwa madzi okha.